Table 2.

Outcome definitions of included studies

Study	Definitions of post‐ERCP pancreatitis	Severity Criteria	Incidence of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (%)
			Guidewire‐assisted cannulation technique	Contrast‐assisted cannulation technique	Overall
'Non‐crossover' trials
Lella 2004	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 5 times the upper limit of normal	Not reported	0	4	2.0
Apostolopoulos 2005	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	Ranson"s criteria and Balthazar grading	1.5	9.5	5.4
Artifon 2007	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and CT evidence of pancreatitis	Ranson"s criteria and Balthazar grading	8.6	16.6	8.3
	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal		3.3	12.0	7.7
	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 5 times the upper limit of normal		3.3	6.7	5.0
Mangiavillano 2007	Not reported	Not reported	2.0	6.0	4.0
Lee 2009	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	consensus criteria	2.0	11.3	5.0
'Cross‐over' trials
Gruchy 2007	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > / = 3 times the upper limit of normal requiring hospital admission	Not reported	1.7	4.4	2.7
Bailey 2008	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	consensus criteria	7.4	6.0	6.7
Katsinelos 2008	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	consensus criteria	5.4	7.9	6.6
Kobayashi 2010	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	consensus criteria	6.1	6.3	6.2
Mangiavillano 2011	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	Not reported	4.3	9.5	6.8
Nambu 2011	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	consensus criteria	2.3	5.8	4.1
Kawakami 2012	abdominal pain > 24 h after ERCP and amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal	consensus criteria	4.0	3.0	3.5

h: hours