Figure 6.

The maggot extracts regulate the proinflammatory cytokines and Nrf2 in the colon of mice with DSS-induced colitis. Mice were treated as explained in Figure 2. mRNA expression levels of the proinflammatory genes including TNF-α (a), IL-6 (b), and IL-1β (c) as well as oxidative stress-related proteins including Nrf2 (d), p22-phox (e), and Ho-1 (f) in colonic tissues were determined by real-time PCR. The housekeeping gene GAPDH was used as a loading control. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗P < 0.001; ns = no significance.