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. 2019 Nov 30;20:575. doi: 10.1186/s12891-019-2959-4

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Cartilage hysteresis. Force is given as increase in force during loading cycle. a Example of hysteresis loop generated for a single specimen at 30 Hz. b Approximation of the area between the upper and lower arcs of each cycle calculated using the trapezoidal rule. The difference between the two areas was determined as the total energy dissipated during that cycle of DMA