3.

Risk of bias (RoB) assessment among studies included in the network meta‐analysis with direct effect estimation is displayed, regarding the risk of transient neurological symptoms following spinal anaesthesia with lidocaine versus other local anaesthetics in adults undergoing surgery. Direct RoB was determined by the average RoB assigned to each particular network interaction. bupi: bupivacaine; chloro: 2‐chloroprocaine; levo: levobupivacaine; lido: lidocaine; mepi: mepivacaine; prilo: prilocaine; pro: procaine; ropi: ropivacaine.