TABLE 2.

Characteristics of the study's participants organized by vitamin K abundance clusters¹

	Mean ± SD					Cluster vs. cluster P2
Characteristic	Cluster 1 (n = 11)	Cluster 2 (n = 29)	Cluster 3 (n = 11)	Cluster 4 (n = 15)	P 3	1 vs. 2	1 vs. 3	1 vs. 4	2 vs. 3	2 vs. 4	3 vs. 4
MMSE score	15 ± 9.7	23 ± 7.5	27 ± 4.6	26 ± 4	0.0013	0.0353	<0.0013	0.0012	0.0322	0.123	0.272
Age, y	85 ± 7.4	80 ± 9.6	76 ± 8.3	75 ± 6.8	0.0193	0.121	0.0152	0.0102	0.100	0.118	0.400
Barthel score	8.3 ± 6.5	14.7 ± 7.1	17.4 ± 4.9	18.5 ± 3.6	<0.0013	0.025 2	<0.0012	0.0422	<0.0012	0.0392	0.323
No. of hypertension medications	0.18 ± 0.4	0.53 ± 0.9	0.45 ± 0.9	0.27 ± 0.6	0.759	1.000	0.508	0.433	0.471	0.594	0.480
No. of diabetes medications	0 ± 0	0.21 ± 0.5	0.07 ± 0.3	0 ± 0	<0.0013	0.105	0.396	0.500	0.0712	0.140	0.469
No. of diagnoses	5.9 ± 2.9	3.7 ± 2	2.2 ± 1.8	2.8 ± 2	0.0013	0.090	0.0012	0.0122	0.0142	0.112	0.188
No. of drugs	6.3 ± 3.2	4.7 ± 2.9	4.8 ± 3.6	4.8 ± 1.9	0.339	0.199	0.220	0.413	0.221	0.485	0.480
Serum PK, nmol/L	0.82 ± 08	0.86 ± 0.8	1.18 ± 1.5	0.73 ± 0.5	0.043	0.582	0.347	0.489	0.720	0.706	0.468
TNF-α, IU	7.89 ± 3.7	9.97 ± 12.5	4.79 ± 1.9	5.64 ± 2.8	0.0333	0.177	0.0182	0.083	0.091	0.240	0.191
IL-6, IU	13.13 ± 12.7	28.08 ± 51.1	5.96 ± 3.5	17.67 ± 42.8	0.0253	0.351	0.101	0.221	0.0132	0.087	0.252
IL-8, IU	25.56 ± 17.5	18.59 ± 8.4	20.38 ± 26.4	14.42 ± 7.8	0.198	0.2392	0.2003	0.1318	0.2237	0.1486	0.2878
Diversity: Shannon index	3.04 ± 0.4	3.53 ± 0.3	3.79 ± 0.5	3.55 ± 0.6	0.0013	0.0172	<0.0012	0.0182	0.0512	0.499	0.058
BMI, kg/m2	23.7 ± 5.8	27 ± 4.5	26.5 ± 5.8	29.8 ± 8.8	0.123	0.047	0.083	0.290	0.091	0.439	0.316

¹Values are means ± SD. Individual values can be found in Supplemental Table 7. MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; PK, phylloquinone.

² P < 0.05, Dunn post hoc test for pairwise comparisons.

³ P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test.