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. 2019 Dec 2;10(12):903. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-2147-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Immunostaining for ER stress markers, CHOP (green), and ATF4 (red) in newborn rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) treated with vehicle or a PRMT1-specific inhibitor furamidine (Fura, 20 μM) for 24 h. Scale bar = 50 μm. b The quantification of CHOP- or ATF4-positive cells from experiments as shown in panel (a). Values represent means ± SEM. n = 515 cells (Veh); 474 cells (TN) from 5 fields per each experiment with three independent experiments. ^***P < 0.001. c Immunoblotting analysis for the expression of ER stress proteins in NRVMs treated with control or Fura (20 μM) for 24 h. d The luciferase reporter analysis driven by the ER stress response element (ERSE) in H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes treated with control, Fura or TN (10 μg/ml) for 24 h. Values represent means of triplicate determinants ±SD. ^*P < 0.05, ^***P < 0.001. Experiments were performed at least three times with similar results. e The reporter assay with the ATF4-responsive luciferase in H9C2 cells treated with control, Fura, DS-437 (an inhibitor for PRMT5 and 7; 50 μM) and/or TN for 24 h. Values represent means of triplicate determinants ±SD. n = 3. ^***P < 0.001. NS not significant. Experiments were performed at least three times with similar results. f Immunoblotting analysis for CHOP, ATF4, cleaved (c)-Caspase3, and PRMT1 in NRVMs treated with vehicle or Fura in combination of control or TN treatment. g Relative expression levels for ATF4, ATF3, and CHOP in NRVMs transduced with adenoviral-control shRNA (ad-shCont) or ad-shPRMT1 followed by treatment with vehicle or TN for 24 h. n = 3. Error bar shows ±SD. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.005.