Quantification of the homo-oligomerization of micropeptides by acceptor photobleaching and lifetime analysis. A) Progressive acceptor photobleaching showed that micropeptides (here ALN) formed dimers in low expressing cells, and higher order oligomers at high expression levels. B) Micropeptides (here SLN, red points) increasingly formed higher-order oligomers as expression increased, in contrast to the SERCA-SLN complex (black points). C) Fluorescence lifetime analysis of Cer-DWORF +YFP-DWORF fluorescence decay (green), compared to Cer-DWORF alone (blue) and a positive control high FRET construct, C5V (black).