Table 5.

Dependent Factors for Annual Cost of Hospital Utilization in Mild-to-Moderate COPD

Variable	Univariate		Multivariate
β ± SE	P value	β ± SE	P value
Age (years)	6427.3 ± 3126.2	0.040	5590.2 ± 365,835.8	0.125
Male	−42,299.1 ± 59,713.3	0.479	−89,850.4 ± 3637.6	0.393
FEV1, %	−93,114.3 ± 48,634.2	0.056	−27,653.4 ± 105,063.8	0.706
Methylxanthines and/or LTRA use	−23,867.0 ± 55,958.6	0.670	−107,942.0 ± 73,207.8	0.074
Current smoker	−396.4 ± 59,318.9	0.995	97,904.0 ± 60,241.2	0.265
Use of inhalers	197,035.9 ± 63,622.4	0.002	238,300.0 ± 87,799.2	<0.001
EQ-5D index	−229,727.0 ±152,189.9	0.132	−174,776.0 ± 68,257.7	0.264

Abbreviations: FEV₁, forced expiratory volume during the first second; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist; EQ-5D, EuroQol-5 dimension.