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. 2019 Sep 26;38(23):e101948. doi: 10.15252/embj.2019101948

Figure 1. Lignification is an innate immune response.

Figure 1

  1. Phloroglucinol staining of wild‐type seedlings inoculated with PTI‐inducing Pst DC3000 hrcC − , virulent Pst DC3000, and avirulent Pst DC3000 (AvrRpm1) and Pst DC3000 (AvrRpt2).
  2. Phloroglucinol staining of wild‐type adult leaves inoculated with PTI‐inducing Pst DC3000 hrcC − , virulent Pst DC3000, and avirulent Pst DC3000 (AvrRpm1) and Pst DC3000 (AvrRpt2). The upper images are enlarged ones of the lower boxes at 2 dpi. Scale bars, 100 μm.
  3. Quantification of lignin content in pathogen‐treated seedlings as in (A). Data are shown as means ± SD (n = 4; 20–30 seedlings each).
  4. Quantification of lignin content in pathogen‐treated wild‐type leaves as in (B). Data are shown as means ± SD (n = 4; 3–9 leaves each).
  5. Quantification of lignin content in wild‐type leaves treated with different titers of Pst DC3000 (AvrRpm1). Data are shown as means ± SD (n = 4; 3–9 leaves each).
  6. Quantification of lignin content in wild‐type and rpm1‐3 rps2‐101c leaves treated with avirulent bacteria. Data are shown as means ± SD (n = 4; 3–9 leaves each).
Data information: Twelve‐day‐old seedlings were flood‐inoculated with P. syringae at 108 cfu/ml in (A, C). Six‐week‐old leaves were syringe‐infiltrated with P. syringae at 108 cfu/ml in (B, D, F) and at the indicated titers in (E). Significant differences are indicated by different letters (Tukey's HSD test; P < 0.05) and by asterisks (t‐test; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001). Experiments were repeated three times with similar results. hrcC −, Pst DC3000 hrcC −; DC3000, Pst DC3000; AvrRpm1, Pst DC3000 (AvrRpm1); AvrRpt2, Pst DC3000 (AvrRpt2); dpi, days post‐inoculation; IS, infected site; UIS, uninfected site.