Table 1.
Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Variable | Conventional group (n = 22) | PMMA group (n = 28) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD, years) | 67.8 ± 7.4 | 68.9 ± 9.1 | 0.656 |
| Gender | 0.558 | ||
| Male | 14 (63.6%) | 20 (71.4%) | |
| Female | 8 (36.4%) | 8 (28.6%) | |
| Type 2 DM | 20 (90.9%) | 24 (85.7%) | 0.683 |
| DM duration (mean ± SD, months) | 96.3 ± 55.9 | 99.6 ± 47.3 | 0.822 |
| DFU duration (mean ± SD, months) | 6.5 ± 2.0 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 0.008 |
| Wagner classification | 0.057 | ||
| Grade 3 | 13 (59.1%) | 9 (32.1%) | |
| Grade 4 | 9 (40.9%) | 19 (67.9%) | |
| ABI (mean ± SD) | 0.58 ± 0.10 | 0.57 ± 0.08 | 0.620 |
| Nonreconstructable reasons | 0.629 | ||
| Unpropitious vascular anatomy | 14 (63.6%) | 17 (60.7%) | |
| Calcific and fibrocalcific disease | 5 (22.7%) | 9 (32.1%) | |
| Patient refusal | 3 (13.6%) | 2 (7.1%) | |
| BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 26.3 ± 4.5 | 25.2 ± 4.1 | 0.391 |
| Smoking | 7 (31.8%) | 17 (60.7%) | 0.042 |
| Alcohol abuse | 7 (31.8%) | 11 (39.3%) | 0.585 |
| Follow-up (mean ± SD, months) | 16.4 ± 4.6 | 17.1 ± 4.1 | 0.575 |
| Laboratory findings (mean ± SD) | |||
| Glycemia (% (mmol/L)) | 11.4 ± 6.1 | 11.0 ± 5.4 | 0.781 |
| HbA1C (% (mmol/mol)) | 7.5 ± 1.4 | 7.8 ± 1.6 | 0.449 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 9.6 ± 5.9 | 10.7 ± 4.8 | 0.467 |
| CRP (μmol/L) | 63.6 ± 51.7 | 71.2 ± 59.8 | 0.639 |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 55.8 ± 24.1 | 60.3 ± 23.7 | 0.518 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 29.9 ± 10.6 | 28.7 ± 10.1 | 0.687 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 13 (59.1%) | 21 (75.0%) | 0.231 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 9 (40.9%) | 14 (50.0%) | 0.522 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 20 (90.9%) | 23 (82.1%) | 0.444 |
| Nephropathy | 13 (59.1%) | 15 (53.6%) | 0.696 |
| Retinopathy | 10 (45.5%) | 16 (57.1%) | 0.412 |
PMMA: polymethylmethacrylate; DM: diabetes mellitus; DFU: diabetic foot ulcer; ABI: ankle-brachial index; BMI: body mass index; WBC: white blood cell; CRP: C-reactive protein; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Values are n (%) unless otherwise noted. Boldface indicated statistically significant difference.