(b) Algorithm outcome with 2-fold validation to detect health impairment by type using the SVM algorithm comparing against good health

Algorithm	Set 3
Features	Age, BMI, and BCAA
Health impairment	Metabolic	Vascular	Renal
Accuracy (%)	84.2 (83.6 – 84.7)	71.8 (71.1 – 72.4)	88.3 (87.8 – 88.9)
Sensitivity (%)	80.1 (79.2 – 81.0)	68.7 (67.6 – 69.8)	85.2 (84.0 – 86.5)
Specificity (%)	87.4 (86.5 – 88.3)	75.0 (73.9 – 76.1)	90.8 (90.0 – 91.6)
Positive likelihood ratio	8.04 (7.35 – 8.73)	3.13 (2.90 – 3.35)	11.6 (10.7 – 12.5)
Negative likelihood ratio	0.23 (0.22 – 0.24)	0.42 (0.40 – 0.43)	0.16 (0.15 – 0.17)
Positive predictive value (%)	84.2 (83.3 – 85.1)	74.8 (74.0 – 75.6)	88.5 (87.6 – 89.3)
Negative predictive value (%)	84.8 (84.3 – 85.4)	69.8 (69.1– 70.5)	89.3 (88.5 – 90.1)
F-measure	0.82 (0.81 – 0.82)	0.71 (0.71 – 0.72)	0.86 (0.86 – 0.87)
Diagnostic odds ratio	27.9 (25.2 – 30.6)	6.6 (6.1 – 7.1)	56.8 (51.1 – 62.5)

Diagnostic performance data are reported as mean (95% CI) of 100 times repeated 2-fold validation experiments.