Table 6.
Algorithm outcome with 2-fold validation to detect health impairment using the SVM algorithm.
| Algorithm | Step 1 – 2-class (good vs. impaired health) | Step 2 – 3 class algorithm (impaired metabolic, vascular, or renal health) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Features | Age, BMI, FL, and val | Age, BMI, FL, and val | ||
| Health impairment | All | Metabolic | Vascular | Renal |
| Accuracy (%) | 78.2 (77.7 – 78.7) | 73.4 (72.9 – 74.0) | 68.7 (68.1 – 69.3) | 78.1 (75.5 – 78.7) |
| Sensitivity (%) | 81.5 (80.4 – 82.6) | 54.9 (53.1 – 56.8) | 58.6 (57.2 – 60.0) | 67.4 (65.9 – 68.7) |
| Specificity (%) | 77.0 (76.3 – 77.7) | 81.5 (80.4 – 82.6) | 75.4 (74.2 – 76.6) | 82.6 (81.7 – 83.5) |
| Positive likelihood ratio | 3.67 (3.57 – 3.77) | 3.43 (3.20 – 3.66) | 2.64 (2.51 – 2.77) | 4.59 (4.19 – 4.98) |
| Negative likelihood ratio | 0.24 (0.22 – 0.25) | 0.55 (0.53 – 0.57) | 0.55 (0.53 – 0.56) | 0.39 (0.38 – 0.41) |
| Positive predictive value (%) | 57.7 (57.0 – 58.3) | 57.8 (56.5 – 59.1) | 62.3 (61.3 – 63.2) | 63.0 (61.9 – 64.2) |
| Negative predictive value (%) | 91.8 (91.4 – 92.2) | 80.9 (80.4 – 81.4) | 73.5 (72.9 – 74.0) | 85.9 (85.2 – 86.5) |
| F-measure | 0.67 (0.66 – 0.68) | 0.55 (0.54 – 0.56) | 0.60 (0.59 – 0.61) | 0.64 (0.63 – 0.65) |
| Diagnostic odds ratio | 14.7 (14.0 – 15.4) | 5.4 (5.0 – 5.8) | 4.3 (4.1 – 4.5) | 9.8 (8.9 – 10.7) |
Diagnostic performance data are reported as mean (95% CI) of 100 times repeated 2-fold validation experiments.