Table 1.
Association and performance evaluation of DC-AD, DC-FTD, DC-DLB, and DC-other of each assessment section in predicting the corresponding “gold-standard” diagnosis
| Assessment steps | AUC (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | p values* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis of MCI-AD | |||
| 1. Clinical work-up | 0.706 (0.637–0.775) | 1.04 (1.02–1.05) | – |
| 2. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS | 0.879 (0.809–0.950) | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | 1 vs. 2, p < 0.001 |
| 3. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers | 0.981 (0.953–1) | 1.14 (1.09–1.22) | 1 vs. 3, p < 0.001; 2 vs. 3, p < 0.010 |
| 4. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS PLUS amyloid markers | 0.975 (0.946–1) | 1.10 (1.07–1.16) | 4 vs. 1, p < 0.001; 4 vs. 2, p < 0.001 |
| 5. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers PLUS TMS | 0.995 (0.986–1) | 1.15 (1.09–1.38) | 5 vs. 1, p < 0.001; 5 vs. 2, p < 0.001 |
| Diagnosis of MCI-FTD | |||
| 1. Clinical work-up | 0.796 (0.728–0.864) | 1.05 (1.03–1.06) | – |
| 2. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS | 0.913 (0.831–0.995) | 1.08 (1.06–1.12) | 1 vs. 2, p = 0.032 |
| 3. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers | 0.910 (0.840–0.979) | 1.07 (1.05–1.10) | 3 vs. 1, p = 0.022 |
| 4. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS PLUS amyloid markers | 0.940 (0.868–1) | 1.10 (1.06–1.16) | 4 vs. 1, p = 0.005 |
| 5. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers PLUS TMS | 0.910 (0.840–0.979) | 1.10 (1.07–1.14) | 5 vs. 1, p = 0.022 |
| Diagnosis of MCI-DLB | |||
| 1. Clinical work-up | 0.946 (0.907–0.946) | 1.08 (1.06–1.11) | – |
| 2. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS | 0.925 (0.836–1) | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | – |
| 3. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers | 0.983 (0.951–1) | 1.08 (1.04–1.16) | – |
| 4. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS PLUS amyloid markers | 0.925 (0.836–1) | 1.07 (1.05–1.11) | – |
| 5. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers PLUS TMS | 0.998 (0.991–1) | 1.33 (1.06–1.50) | – |
| Diagnosis of MCI-other | |||
| 1. Clinical work-up | 0.752 (0.652–0.848) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | – |
| 2. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS | 0.889 (0.772–1) | 1.08 (1.05–1.12) | – |
| 3. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers | 0.844 (0.729–0.959) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | – |
| 4. Clinical work-up PLUS TMS PLUS amyloid markers | 0.986 (0.965–1) | 1.09 (1.06–1.15) | 4 vs. 1, p < 0.001 |
| 5. Clinical work-up PLUS amyloid markers PLUS TMS | 0.957 (0.895–1) | 1.09 (1.06–1.13) | 5 vs. 1, p < 0.001 |
Association was evaluated by odds ratio (OR) of logistic regression models; the performance was evaluated through AUC values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves
DC diagnostic confidence, MCI-AD mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer disease, MCI-FTD mild cognitive impairment due to frontotemporal dementia, MCI-DLB mild cognitive impairment due to dementia with Lewy bodies, MCI-other mild cognitive impairment due to other conditions, AUC area under the curve, CI confidence interval, TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation
*AUC comparisons: p value of significantly different AUC