Table 2.

Association of metabolic factors with endometrial cancer, Women’s Health Initiative

Variable	Cases N	Non-cases N	Model 1a	95% CI	Model 2b	95% CI	Model 3c	95% CI
Metabolic syndrome (including WC)
No	77	7,958	1.00	Ref.	-	-	-	-
Yes	99	4,927	2.27	1.67–3.09	-	-	-	-
Metabolic syndrome (excluding WC)b					-	-	-	-
No	69	6,546	1.00	Ref.	-	-	-	-
Yes	107	6,339	1.34	0.97–1.84	-	-	-	-
Body mass index (kg/m2)
18.5–< 25.0	25	3,386	1.00	Ref.	-	-	1.00	-
25.0–< 30.0	32	4,552	0.98	0.57–1.64	-	-	0.89	0.52–1.51
30.0–< 35.0	53	2,914	2.59	1.59–4.22	-	-	2.23	1.34–3.70
≥ 35	63	1,872	5.08	3.11–8.32	-	-	4.16	2.47–7.00
P for linear trend			< 0.001		-	-	-	< 0.001
WC (cm)
< 88	49	6,678	1.00	Ref.	-	-	1.00	Ref.
≥ 88	127	6,207	2.91	2.07–4.09	-	-	2.48	1.73–3.56
Glucose (mg/dL)
< 100	96	8,693	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.
≥ 100	80	4,192	1.99	1.36–2.49	1.45	1.07–1.98	1.41	1.03–1.93
HDL-C (mg/dL)
≥ 50	86	7,689	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.
< 50	90	5,196	1.65	1.22–2.23	1.32	0.97–1.80	1.30	0.93–1.81
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
< 150	117	9,078	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.
≥ 150	59	3,807	1.34	0.97–1.85	1.09	0.78–1.52	0.93	0.65–1.32
High blood pressure
No	62	5,428	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.	1.00	Ref.
Yes	114	7,457	1.40	1.02–1.93	1.18	0.86–1.63	1.13	0.82–1.57

WC waist circumference, HDL-C high density lipoprotein-cholesterol

^aModel 1: Adjusted for age, pack-years of smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, hormone therapy ever, oral contraceptive ever, menopausal status, education, ethnicity, family history of endometrial cancer and allocation to the observational study or intervention/placebo/control arm of each clinical trial

^bModel 2: Adjusted for variables in model 1 plus waist circumference

^cModel 3: Adjusted for variables in model 1 and mutually adjusted for waist circumference, glucose, triglycerides, HDL, high blood pressure