TABLE 3.
Species | Morphology | Extrolites | Molecular | Origin | References |
identification | |||||
A. flavus | Yellow-green conidia, small and large sclerotia, orange reverse on AFPA | AFB (+/−), CPA (+/−), aspergillic acid, asperfuran (+/−), paspalinin and paspaline (+/−) | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis hypogaea | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. parasiticus | Dark-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA | AFB, AFG, kojic acid, aspergillic acid, parasiticolides, paspalinin and paspaline (+/−) | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis hypogaea, A. vilosa, A. correntina | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. nomius | Yellow green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA | AFB, AFG, kojic acid, aspergillic acid, nominine | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Wheat | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. pseudonomius | n.a | AFB, kojic acid, chrysogine | ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin | Diseased alkali bees | Varga et al., 2011 |
A. bombycis | Yellow-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA | AFB, AFG, kojic acid, aspergillic acid | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Frass in a silkworm rearing house | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. tamarii | Dark-brown conidia, dark brown reverse on AFPA | Kojic acid, CPA (+/−), | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis hypogaea | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. pseudotamarii | Dark-brown conidia, dark brown reverse on AFPA | Kojic acid, AFB, CPA (+/−) | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Soil | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. caelatus | Dark-brown conidia, dark brown reverse on AFPA | Kojic acid, CPA (+/−), | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Soil | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. pseudocaelatus | n.a | AFB, AFG, kojic acid, CPA | ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis bukartii | Varga et al., 2011 |
A. minisclerotigenes | Yellow-green conidia, small sclerotia, orange reverse on AFPA | AFB, AFG, CPA, kojic acid, aspergillic acid, parasiticolides, aflavarins, paspalinin and paspaline, aflatrems and aflavinines | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis hypogaea, soil, and peanut field | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. arachidicola | Dark-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA | AFB, AFG, aspergillic acid, kojic acid, parasiticolides, chrysogine | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis glabrata | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. toxicarius | n.a | n.a | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis hypogaea | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. parvisclerotigenus | Yellow-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA | Kojic acid, AFB, AFG, CPA, aspergillic acid, aflavarins, paspalinin and paspaline, aflatrems and aflavinines | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Arachis hypogaea | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. korhogoencis | Yellow-green to brown conidia, small sclerotia, orange reverse on AFPA | AFB, AFG, kojic acid, CPA, aspergillic acid, aflatrem, leporins, asparasone, aflavarin, aflavinine, paspalinin, and paspaline | ITS, benA, cmdA, mcm7, amdS, rpb1, preB, ppgA, and preA | Arachis hypogaea | Carvajal-campos et al., 2017 |
A. leporis | Yellow-green conidia | Kojic acid | β-tubulin and calmodulin | dung of Lepus townsendii | Pildain et al., 2008 |
A. oryzae | Yellow-green conidia | Kojic acid, asperfuran, aspirochlorin | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Unknown source, Japan | Varga et al., 2011 |
A. sojae | Yellow-green conidia | Kojic acid, aspergillic acid, asperfuran, aspirochlorine | β-tubulin and calmodulin | Soy sauce | Varga et al., 2011 |
A. avenaceus | n.a | Aspirochlorine | ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin | Varga et al., 2011 |
n.a, data not available. AFPA, Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus Agar. AFB, Aflatoxin B. AFG, Aflatoxin G. CPA, Cyclopiazonic acid. ITS, Internal Transcribed Spacer. +, present; −, absent.