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. 2019 Nov 22;10:2602. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02602

TABLE 3.

Morphology, extrolite production and molecular identification of Aspergillus section Flavi species.

Species Morphology Extrolites Molecular Origin References
identification
A. flavus Yellow-green conidia, small and large sclerotia, orange reverse on AFPA AFB (+/−), CPA (+/−), aspergillic acid, asperfuran (+/−), paspalinin and paspaline (+/−) β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis hypogaea Pildain et al., 2008
A. parasiticus Dark-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA AFB, AFG, kojic acid, aspergillic acid, parasiticolides, paspalinin and paspaline (+/−) β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis hypogaea, A. vilosa, A. correntina Pildain et al., 2008
A. nomius Yellow green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA AFB, AFG, kojic acid, aspergillic acid, nominine β-tubulin and calmodulin Wheat Pildain et al., 2008
A. pseudonomius n.a AFB, kojic acid, chrysogine ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin Diseased alkali bees Varga et al., 2011
A. bombycis Yellow-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA AFB, AFG, kojic acid, aspergillic acid β-tubulin and calmodulin Frass in a silkworm rearing house Pildain et al., 2008
A. tamarii Dark-brown conidia, dark brown reverse on AFPA Kojic acid, CPA (+/−), β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis hypogaea Pildain et al., 2008
A. pseudotamarii Dark-brown conidia, dark brown reverse on AFPA Kojic acid, AFB, CPA (+/−) β-tubulin and calmodulin Soil Pildain et al., 2008
A. caelatus Dark-brown conidia, dark brown reverse on AFPA Kojic acid, CPA (+/−), β-tubulin and calmodulin Soil Pildain et al., 2008
A. pseudocaelatus n.a AFB, AFG, kojic acid, CPA ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis bukartii Varga et al., 2011
A. minisclerotigenes Yellow-green conidia, small sclerotia, orange reverse on AFPA AFB, AFG, CPA, kojic acid, aspergillic acid, parasiticolides, aflavarins, paspalinin and paspaline, aflatrems and aflavinines β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis hypogaea, soil, and peanut field Pildain et al., 2008
A. arachidicola Dark-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA AFB, AFG, aspergillic acid, kojic acid, parasiticolides, chrysogine β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis glabrata Pildain et al., 2008
A. toxicarius n.a n.a β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis hypogaea Pildain et al., 2008
A. parvisclerotigenus Yellow-green conidia, orange reverse on AFPA Kojic acid, AFB, AFG, CPA, aspergillic acid, aflavarins, paspalinin and paspaline, aflatrems and aflavinines β-tubulin and calmodulin Arachis hypogaea Pildain et al., 2008
A. korhogoencis Yellow-green to brown conidia, small sclerotia, orange reverse on AFPA AFB, AFG, kojic acid, CPA, aspergillic acid, aflatrem, leporins, asparasone, aflavarin, aflavinine, paspalinin, and paspaline ITS, benA, cmdA, mcm7, amdS, rpb1, preB, ppgA, and preA Arachis hypogaea Carvajal-campos et al., 2017
A. leporis Yellow-green conidia Kojic acid β-tubulin and calmodulin dung of Lepus townsendii Pildain et al., 2008
A. oryzae Yellow-green conidia Kojic acid, asperfuran, aspirochlorin β-tubulin and calmodulin Unknown source, Japan Varga et al., 2011
A. sojae Yellow-green conidia Kojic acid, aspergillic acid, asperfuran, aspirochlorine β-tubulin and calmodulin Soy sauce Varga et al., 2011
A. avenaceus n.a Aspirochlorine ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin Varga et al., 2011

n.a, data not available. AFPA, Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus Agar. AFB, Aflatoxin B. AFG, Aflatoxin G. CPA, Cyclopiazonic acid. ITS, Internal Transcribed Spacer. +, present; −, absent.