. 2019 Nov 15;28:e20190100. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0100

Table 2. Effectiveness of PUA and CNI protocol in removing bacterial species in primary endodontic infection (Uppercase – Different columns; lowercase – different rows).

Final Irrigation Protocol	Number of Bacterial Species – Mean ± SD
	Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization
	Before treatment (S1)	After NaOCl irrigation (S2)	After EDTA irrigation (S3)
PUA^*	9 ± 3.8^Aa	10.7 ± 6.7^Aa	7.6 ± 5.5^Aa
CNI^**	10.2 ± 5.9^Aa	8.6 ± 6.9^Aa	9.8 ± 6.3^Aa

PUA - Passive Ultrasonic Activation;

^**

CNI - Conventional Needle Irrigation