Four core immune modules shared between ILCs, DCs, and T cells. An immune response specific to a particular pathogen involves cross talk and collaboration between two innate cell lineages, ILCs and DCs, and an adaptive cell lineage, T cells, by secretion of cytokines and chemokines. Each cell type in this module is governed by specific transcription factors that influence the effector functions. Abbreviations: cDC, classical/conventional dendritic cell; CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocyte; DC, dendritic cell; IFN, interferon; ILC, innate lymphoid cell; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell.