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. 2019 Nov 25;10:1399. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01399

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Copyright © 2019 Lu, Wang, Sun, He, Wang, Wu, Liu, Wang and Li

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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QSG inhibited activation of TGF-β1/Smad3 through reducing the recruitment of M1 macrophages in myocardial tissue. (A) IF staining showed that splenectomy reduced the recruitment of M1 macrophages in myocardial tissue; QSG treatment decreased the recruitment of M1 macrophages. (B) Masson and Sirius Red staining showed that QSG inhibited cardiac fibrosis. (C) Western blot showed that QSG down-regulated the expressions of AT1, MCP-1 and CCR2 in myocardial tissue compared with that in the model group. (D) Western blot showed that QSG decreased the expressions of TGF-β1, Smad3, collagen III and MMP2 in cardiac tissue. All data were presented as means ± SD from independent experiments performed in triplicate. ^# P < 0.05, ^## P < 0.01, ^### P < 0.001 vs the sham group; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs the model group. N = 3 per group.