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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 3.
Published in final edited form as: Neuron. 2018 Apr 18;98(2):282–295. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.021

Figure 1. Circuit endophenotype connects genetic and behavioral disruption at the level of neuronal circuits.

Figure 1

A. The challenge in finding the causes of a clinically identified deficit is that it can result from disruptions in any one of many neural circuits and genes affecting those circuits. B. Disruption in a single gene generally affects multiple neural circuits and thus can lead to a large number of clinically identified symptoms. C. Using animal models, a genetic disruption can be limited to a specific neural circuit, revealing the extent of a single circuit endophenotype and its manifestation at the behavioral level. D. When individual genetic changes are of small effect size, they may not lead to perturbation of a circuit. However together, these genetic changes can be enriched at and expressed as a more restricted circuit endophenotype as can be seen from the network level changes observed.