Table 2. Baseline hemodynamic and MCA velocity values and adrenergic responses to Valsalva.
| Male | Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Collar | Collar | No Collar | Collar | |
| Baseline SBP (mmHg)† | 136.5±10.4 | 137.7±12.1 | 107.8±7.7 | 107.0±2.9 |
| Baseline DBP (mmHg) | 74.8±7.9 | 75.2±7.9 | 70.8±8.8 | 72.6±6.6 |
| Baseline MAP (mmHg) | 90.5±7.2 | 91.2±7.3 | 81.8±7.3 | 83.5±5.3 |
| Baseline MCAsystolic (cm/s) | 94.7±16.6 | 94.9±15.0 | 90.9±7.5 | 101.2±15.6 |
| Baseline MCAdiastolic (cm/s) | 40.9±8.7 | 37.8±9.2 | 33.7±9.1 | 42.6±7.3* |
| Baseline MCAmean (cm/s) | 60.3±11.4 | 56.8±10.0 | 58.2±5.3 | 65.3±8.3* |
| Baseline HR (bpm) | 68.4±7.1 | 66.7±7.7 | 70.1±6.3 | 69.1±5.6 |
| Phase 2 min SBP (mmHg)† | 114.6±12.4 | 117.8±10.0* | 92.4±12.6 | 99.3±9.6* |
| Phase 2 end SBP (mmHg)† | 149.9±27.1 | 153.3±22.3* | 107.4±13.8 | 115.7±15.4* |
| Phase 3 SBP (mmHg) | 119.9±30.2 | 119.1±19.5 | 97.5±11.8 | 103.0±11.1 |
| Baseline—Phase 2min (SBP; mmHg) | 22.0±17.6 | 15.4±18.3* | 14.5±12.7 | 8.5±9.1* |
| Phase 2end—Phase 2min (SBP; mmHg) | 35.2±26.4 | 35.5±25.1 | 14.9±13.8 | 16.3±9.4 |
| Phase 3 –Phase 2end (SBP; mmHg)† | -30.0±8.8 | -34.2±9.7 | -9.9±6.6 | -12.7±11.1 |
| PRT (s) | 4.9±1.9 | 6.4±0.9* | 5.8±1.1 | 5.6±1.8 |
| BRSa (Novak) | 11.1±6.1 | 6.3±5.3 | 3.9±2.9 | 4.0±2.5 |
| BRSa (Low)† | 13.5±10.4 | 6.5±2.9 | 3.7±1.4 | 3.9±2.7 |
| Maximum HR (bpm) | 114.6±8.6 | 112.2±8.2 | 118.0±14.0 | 114.0±10.8 |
| Minimum HR (bpm) | 52.4±4.2 | 54.7±6.8 | 53.5±5.1 | 52.9±4.2 |
| Valsalva HR Ratio | 2.2±0.2 | 2.1±0.2 | 2.2±0.3 | 2.2±0.3 |
SBP is systolic blood pressure; DBP is diastolic blood pressure; MAP is mean arterial blood pressure; BRSa is adrenergic score
†indicates a significant effect of sex
*indicates a significant effect of collar; SBP is systolic blood pressure; PRT is pressure recovery time; BRSa is adrenergic baroreflex sensitivity; HR is heart rate; values are mean ± 95% Confidence Interval