Fig 3. Survey participants’ (n = 957) belief in the effectiveness of genetic modification (GM) in dairy cattle stratified by application of the GM (i.e. disease resistant (A) or hornless cattle (B)).

Responses within the applications were further stratified by purpose of the GM (i.e. improving animal welfare, reducing cost for the farmer, increasing worker safety, all purposes, or no purpose provided). Responses were rated on 7-point Likert scales (1 = very unlikely, 7 = very likely) whether participants believed GM could improve animal welfare, reduce cost for the farmer or increase worker safety. Unadjusted means and standard errors are displayed.