Table 3.

Overview of the instruments used to measure stigmatising attitudes

Instruments measuring stigmatising attitudes	Studies that apply the instrument
Explicit stigma
FPS	36 43 46
UMB	43
ATOP	47 49
Opinions about obesity as a disease	40
PFRS	51
Implicit stigma
IAT	47
Causal attribution
WCB	10
Potential causes of obesity	48
Individuals responsibility (‘Obese people can do something about their weight’)	39

ATOP, Attitudes to Obese People; FPS, Fat Phobia Scale; IAT, Implicit Association Test; PFRS, Photographic Figure Rating Scale; UMB, Universal Measure of Bias; WCB, Weight Control/Blame of the Anti-Fat-Attitudes.