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. 2019 Nov 14;9(11):e028947. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028947

Table 1.

Changes in outcome variables at follow-up by baseline characteristics

n Change in MVPA* (hours/week) Change in walking† (hours/week) Change in sitting‡ (hours/week)
Mean 95% CI P value Mean 95% CI P value Mean 95% CI P value
Gender 0.070 0.018 0.013
 Male 8677 0.20 0.04 to 0.37 0.14 0.07 to 0.21 −0.47 −0.53 to −0.40
 Female 9417 0.42 0.25 to 0.59 0.27 0.19 to 0.34 −0.59 −0.65 to −0.52
Age (years) <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
 45–55 6581 0.19 0.01 to 0.38 0.07 −0.01 to 0.15 −0.17 −0.24 to −0.10
 >55–65 5960 0.76 0.56 to 0.96 0.38 0.30 to 0.47 −0.72 −0.80 to −0.64
 >65 5553 −0.12 −0.36 to 0.12 0.17 0.06 to 0.27 −0.86 −0.95 to −0.77
Country of birth (missing=146) 0.082 0.164 0.27
 English-speaking countries 15 282 0.37 0.24 to 0.49 0.22 0.16 to 0.28 −0.51 −0.56 to −0.47
 Europe 1213 0.12 −0.37 to 0.61 0.21 −0.01 to 0.42 −0.66 −0.85 to −0.48
 Middle East 192 −0.18 −1.43 to 1.07 −0.30 −0.85 to 0.24 −0.87 −1.34 to −0.39
 Asia 825 −0.42 −0.97 to 0.14 0.01 −0.24 to 0.25 −0.57 −0.78 to −0.36
 Other 438 0.22 −0.54 to 0.97 0.18 −0.15 to 0.51 −0.41 −0.70 to −0.11
Highest level of education completed (missing=206) 0.496 0.158 <0.0001
 University/Technical and Further Education5 10 491 0.27 0.12 to 0.42 0.16 0.09 to 0.22 −0.41 −0.46 to −0.35
 High school 3306 0.46 0.18 to 0.74 0.26 0.14 to 0.39 −0.69 −0.80 to −0.59
 Did not complete high school 4091 0.32 0.05 to 0.59 0.26 0.14 to 0.38 −0.76 −0.86 to −0.65
IRSED 0.002 0.007 0.123
 Most disadvantaged group 3449 0.39 0.22 to 0.55 0.23 0.16 to 0.30 −0.50 −0.57 to −0.44
 Second disadvantaged group 3345 −0.06 −0.45 to 0.33 0.01 −0.17 to 0.18 −0.69 −0.84 to −0.54
 Third disadvantaged group 3763 −0.31 −0.69 to 0.07 0.03 −0.14 to 0.20 −0.55 −0.69 to −0.40
 Fourth disadvantaged group 3683 0.51 0.28 to 0.74 0.30 0.20 to 0.41 −0.49 −0.57 to −0.40
 Least disadvantaged group 3843 0.37 −0.16 to 0.89 0.10 −0.13 to 0.33 −0.64 −0.84 to −0.44
Physical functional limitation (missing=3123) <0.0001 <0.001 0.301
 Moderate 3546 −0.48 −0.73 to −0.24 0.01 −0.09 to 0.12 −0.58 −0.68 to −0.49
 Minor 3768 0.10 −0.13 to 0.33 0.21 0.11 to 0.32 −0.53 −0.62 to −0.44
 None 7405 0.80 0.63 to 0.96 0.29 0.21 to 0.36 −0.50 −0.56 to −0.43
Psychological distress (missing=355) 0.595 0.716 0.415
 No 16 900 0.32 0.20 to 0.44 0.20 0.15 to 0.25 −0.52 −0.57 to −0.47
 Yes 812 0.16 −0.43 to 0.74 0.25 −0.01 to 0.51 −0.62 −0.85 to −0.39
Body mass index (missing=857) <0.0001 <0.0001 <0.0001
 Under weight 244 0.30 −0.74 to 1.34 0.20 −0.26 to 0.66 −0.54 −0.94 to −0.14
 Healthy weight 7541 0.69 0.51 to 0.86 0.33 0.26 to 0.41 −0.63 −0.69 to −0.56
 Overweight 6852 0.25 0.07 to 0.44 0.21 0.13 to 0.29 −0.51 −0.58 to −0.44
 Obese 2547 −0.83 −1.15 to −0.50 0.28 0.13 to 0.42 −0.22 −0.34 to −0.09
Greenspace within 500 m 0.476 0.354 0.715
 0%–5% 13 762 0.34 0.21 to 0.48 0.19 0.13 to 0.25 −0.51 −0.56 to −0.46
 >5%–10% 2657 0.16 −0.14 to 0.47 0.25 0.12 to 0.39 −0.55 −0.67 to −0.43
 >10%–15% 1341 0.19 −0.24 to 0.63 0.23 0.03 to 0.42 −0.61 −0.78 to −0.44
 >15% 334 0.61 −0.26 to 1.49 0.28 −0.11 to 0.66 −0.50 −0.83 to −0.17
Greenspace within 1 km 0.224 0.128 0.951
 0%–5% 10 948 0.37 0.22 to 0.52 0.20 0.14 to 0.27 −0.52 −0.58 to −0.46
 >5%–10% 4843 0.12 −0.11 to 0.35 0.15 0.05 to 0.25 −0.52 −0.61 to −0.43
 >10%–15% 1497 0.29 −0.13 to 0.70 0.31 0.13 to 0.49 −0.59 −0.75 to −0.43
 >15%–20% 451 0.52 −0.22 to 1.26 0.08 −0.25 to 0.40 −0.52 −0.81 to −0.23
 >20% 355 0.94 0.10 to 1.79 0.59 0.22 to 0.96 −0.47 −0.79 to −0.15
Greenspace within 2 km 0.477 0.682 0.221
 0%–5% 7789 0.33 0.15 to 0.51 0.16 0.08 to 0.24 −0.55 −0.62 to −0.48
 >5%–10% 6980 0.21 0.02 to 0.40 0.23 0.15 to 0.32 −0.50 −0.57 to −0.43
 >10%–15% 2157 0.44 0.10 to 0.78 0.25 0.10 to 0.40 −0.53 −0.65 to −0.40
 >15%–20% 688 0.46 −0.14 to 1.06 0.14 −0.13 to 0.40 −0.36 −0.59 to −0.13
 >20% 480 0.75 0.03 to 1.48 0.36 0.04 to 0.68 −0.77 −1.04 to −0.49

*Mean adjusted for baseline amount of time spent on MVPA per week.

†Mean adjusted for baseline amount of time spent on walking per week.

‡Mean adjusted for baseline amount of time spent on sitting per week.

IRSED, Index of Relative Socio-Economic Disadvantage; MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity.