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. 2019 Nov 27;9(11):e032852. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032852

Table 1.

Sample characteristics at baseline overall and in relation to smoking status and level of physical activity

Whole sample
(N=6425)
Smoking status Physical activity
Never smoker (n=2387) Former smoker (n=3141) Current smoker (n=897) P value High (n=4233) Low
(n=2192)
P value
Age in years, mean (SD) 65.88 (9.34) 65.55 (9.17) 66.95 (9.60) 63.04 (8.12) <0.001 64.77 (8.54) 68.03 (10.38) <0.001
Sex, % (n)
 Men 45.2 (2902) 34.1 (813) 53.1 (1667) 47.0 (422) <0.001 47.5 (2011) 40.6 (891) <0.001
 Women 54.8 (3523) 65.9 (1574) 46.9 (1474) 53.0 (475) 52.5 (2222) 59.4 (1301)
Ethnicity, % (n)
 White 98.8 (6345) 98.1 (2342) 99.3 (3118) 98.7 (885) 0.001 98.7 (4180) 98.8 (2165) 0.944
 Non-white 1.2 (80) 1.9 (45) 0.7 (23) 1.3 (12) 1.3 (53) 1.2 (27)
Wealth quintile, % (n)
 1 (poorest) 14.6 (940) 11.5 (275) 13.0 (408) 28.7 (257) <0.001 10.7 (451) 22.3 (489) <0.001
 2 18.5 (1188) 17.1 (407) 17.8 (559) 24.7 (222) 15.6 (661) 24.0 (527)
 3 20.8 (1338) 21.3 (508) 20.9 (656) 19.4 (174) 21.4 (905) 19.8 (433)
 4 22.3 (1432) 22.9 (546) 23.7 (743) 15.9 (143) 24.4 (1034) 18.2 (398)
 5 (richest) 23.8 (1527) 27.3 (651) 24.7 (775) 11.3 (101) 27.9 (1182) 15.7 (345)
Alcohol intake, % (n)
 Never/rarely 18.9 (1213) 21.5 (513) 14.9 (468) 25.9 (232) <0.001 15.4 (651) 25.6 (562) <0.001
 Regularly 45.3 (2909) 48.0 (1145) 44.3 (1393) 41.4 (371) 45.0 (1905) 45.8 (1004)
 Frequently 35.8 (2303) 30.5 (729) 40.8 (1280) 32.8 (294) 39.6 (1677) 28.6 (626)
BMI, mean (SD) 27.91 (4.87) 27.84 (4.84) 28.19 (4.85) 27.14 (4.93) <0.001 27.48 (4.44) 28.75 (5.51) <0.001
Fair/poor self-rated health*, % (n) 24.5 (1575) 19.7 (469) 24.5 (770) 37.5 (336) <0.001 16.8 (709) 39.5 (866) <0.001
Limiting long-standing illness*, % (n) 32.9 (2111) 28.0 (668) 34.5 (1082) 40.2 (361) <0.001 23.7 (1004) 50.5 (1107) <0.001
Coronary heart disease*, % (n) 8.6 (553) 6.7 (159) 10.3 (324) 7.8 (70) <0.001 6.8 (286) 12.2 (267) <0.001
Stroke*, % (n) 2.4 (152) 1.6 (39) 2.9 (91) 2.5 (22) 0.009 1.5 (64) 4.0 (88) <0.001
Cancer*, % (n) 7.7 (496) 7.2 (171) 8.4 (263) 6.9 (62) 0.154 7.2 (303) 8.8 (193) 0.019
Chronic lung disease*, % (n) 7.3 (466) 4.4 (105) 7.7 (241) 13.4 (120) <0.001 5.4 (228) 10.9 (238) <0.001
Clinically relevant depressive symptoms*, % (n) 13.5 (860) 11.5 (273) 13.2 (411) 19.8 (176) <0.001 9.7 (408) 20.8 (452) <0.001
Smoking status, % (n)
 Never smoker 37.2 (2387) 100 (2387) 38.2 (1616) 35.2 (771) <0.001
 Former smoker 48.9 (3141) 100 (3141) 49.3 (2085) 48.2 (1056)
 Current smoker 14.0 (897) 100 (897) 12.6 (532) 16.7 (365)
Level of physical activity, % (n)
 High 65.9 (4233) 67.7 (1616) 66.4 (2085) 59.3 (532) <0.001 100 (4233)
 Low 34.1 (2192) 32.3 (771) 33.6 (1056) 40.7 (365) 100 (2192)

*Complete data on all health variables at baseline were not a prerequisite for inclusion, so there was a small amount of missing data across these variables. Valid percentages are presented for the ease of interpretation.

BMI, body mass index.