Table 3.
Summary of measures included in the study
| Outcomes | Measure | Source | B | 3 | 6 |
| C HILD OUTCOMES | |||||
| Sleep problems |
Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). 33-item validated measure of sleep that can distinguish clinical from community samples.49
Provides a measure of total sleep problems and eight subscale scores reflecting major behavioural sleep disorders (bedtime resistance, sleep-onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night waking, parasomnias, sleep-disordered breathing, daytime sleepiness). |
Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| Sleep hygiene | Sleep Hygiene Scale. 7-item study developed measure adapted from the Bedroom Routines Scale. | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| Daytime sleepiness | Teacher Daytime Sleepiness Questionnaire. 10-item validated scale of daytime sleepiness at school.68 | Teacher | ● | ● | ● |
| Social communication functioning | Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) Current form. 40-item measure of ASD symptoms in past 3 months to measure change in ASD social communication symptoms over time.53 | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| Emotional and behavioural disturbance | Developmental Behavioural Checklist (DBC). 96-item measure of emotional and behavioural disturbance in children.69 Provides a rating of overall behavioural disturbance and five subscales: disruptive/antisocial behaviour, self-absorbed, communication disturbance, anxiety and ASD social relating. | Parent | ● | ● | |
| Behavioural and social functioning | Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). 25 items assessing the following subscales: hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems and prosocial behaviour.70 | Parent and teacher | ● | ● | ● |
| Quality of life | Child Health Utility 9D (CHU9D). 9-item measure of child quality of life.62 | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| School attendance | School attendance over the preceding 3 months. | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| Academic functioning | Wide Range Achievement Test 4 (WRAT). Spelling and math computation subtests to assess academic functioning.71 | Child | ● | ||
| Academic functioning | Permission to access NAPLAN results (Years 3, 5, 7). NAPLAN is a national assessment of literacy and numeracy Australian children complete in Grades 3, 5, 7 and 9. | Linkage | |||
| Cognitive functioning | NIH Toolbox. Cognitive Domain Tasks to assess cognitive functioning.72 iPad administered assessment of executive function, attention, episodic/working memory, processing speed, language abilities, new learning and reading. | Child | ● | ||
| P ARENT OUTCOMES | |||||
| Mental health | Kessler 10 (K10). A 10-item validated measure of adult psychological distress.73 | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| Parenting stress | Parenting Stress Index 4SF (PSI-4SF). 36-item measure of parenting stress.74Provides a measure of total parenting stress and three subscales reflecting the major sources of parenting stress (parental distress, difficult child, parent–child dysfunctional interaction). | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| Quality of life | Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL4D). 12-item measure of parent quality of life.75 | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| E CONOMIC OUTCOMES | |||||
| Resource use | Family reported service use over preceding 3 months. | Parent | ● | ● | ● |
| Health service utilisation | Permission to access both Medicare and Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) data for 3 months prior to baseline up until the last follow-up assessment. | Linkage | ● | ● | ● |
●Measure used at indicated time point.
3, 3 months; 6, 6 months; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; B, baseline; NIH, National Institutes of Health.