Table 2.
Regional variation in snakebite injury resulting in presentation to an emergency department, USA 2016
| South | West | Midwest | Northeast | Significance (p value) | |
| n | 9079 | 1188 | 756 | 115 | |
| Age category (years) (%) | |||||
| 0–17 | 162 (21) | 180 (24) | 159 (21) | 33 (28) | 0.07 |
| 18–44 | 290 (38) | 208 (27) | 318 (42) | 51 (44) | |
| 45–64 | 213 (28) | 259 (34) | 214 (28) | 28 (24) | |
| 65–74 | 66 (9) | 65 (9) | 47 (6) | <10* | |
| 75–84 | 20 (3) | 45 (6) | 18 (2) | – | |
| >85 | <10* | – | – | – | |
| Male (%) | 5849 (64) | 824 (69) | 460 (61) | 79 (69) | 0.4 |
| Rural (%) | 3194 (35) | 225 (19) | 346 (46) | 27 (23) | <0.0001 |
| Weekend (%) | 2874 (32) | 390 (33) | 286 (38) | 42 (37) | 0.3 |
| Season (%) | |||||
| Winter | 155 (2) | 64 (5) | 37 (5) | <10 (4) (4) | 0.01 |
| Spring | 2008 (22) | 276 (23) | 156 (21) | 23 (20) | |
| Summer | 4614 (51) | 539 (45) | 358 (47) | 54 (47) | |
| Fall | 2302 (25) | 309 (26) | 204 (27) | 35 (30) | |
| Payor data (%) | |||||
| Medicare | 1341 (15) | 181 (15) | 102 (14) | 12 (11) | <0.0001 |
| Medicaid | 1651 (18) | 314 (26) | 208 (27) | 52 (45) | |
| Private insurance | 3613 (40) | 482 (41) | 296 (39) | 41 (36) | |
| Self-pay | 1859 (20) | 87 (7) | 116 (15) | 0 (0) | |
| No charge | 27 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Other | 591 (7) | 124 (10) | 35 (5) | 10 (8) | |
| Household income compared with the patient’s zip code (%) | |||||
| 0–25th | 3797 (42) | 218 (18) | 295 (39) | 21 (18) | <0.0001 |
| 26th–50th | 2596 (29) | 367 (31) | 275 (36) | 17 (15) | |
| 51st–75th | 1655 (18) | 295 (25) | 115 (15) | 27 (24) | |
| 76th–100th | 1031 (11) | 308 (26) | 70 (9) | 50 (43) | |
| Anatomic location of injury (%) | |||||
| Head | 35 (0) | 39 (5) | 38 (5) | – | 0.02 |
| Neck | 29 (0) | – | – | – | |
| Thorax | – | – | 55 (7) | – | |
| Abdomen, pelvis, genitalia | – | 32 (4) | – | – | |
| Shoulder or upper arm | 117 (1) | 0 (0) | – | – | |
| Elbow or forearm | 392 (4) | 76 (10) | 81 (11) | 16 (14) | |
| Wrist, hand, finger | 3867 (43) | 353 (47) | 364 (48) | 78 (68) | |
| Hip or thigh | 38 (0) | – | – | – | |
| Knee or lower leg | 1486 (16) | 121 (16) | 88 (12) | – | |
| Ankle or foot | 2986 (33) | 135 (18) | 129 (17) | 20 (18) | |
| Multiple body regions | 128 (1) | – | – | – | |
| Type of snake (%) | |||||
| Rattlesnake | 1088 (12) | 879 (74) | 95 (13) | <10* | <0.0001 |
| Coral snake | 126 (2) | – | – | – | |
| Taipan | – | – | – | <10* | |
| Cobra | 10 (0) | 10 (1) | – | – | |
| North or South American snake | 1074 (12) | 12 (1) | 104 (14) | 13 (11) | |
| Asian or African snake | <10* | – | <10 (4) (0) | – | |
| Other snake | 2423 (27) | 46 (4) | 154 (20) | 12 (10) | |
| Unspecified venomous snake | 4357 (48) | 242 (20) | 401 (53) | 80 (70) |
*Values less than 10 are not reported in accordance with the HCUP data use agreement.