Table 1.
Distribution of baseline characteristics across quartiles of global longitudinal strain
| Global longitudinal strain (GLS) quartile | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | All patients (n = 253) | GLS 1st quartile [−24.5 to−16.65] (n = 64) | GLS 2nd quartile [−16.65 to −15.1] (n = 63) | GLS 3rd quartile [−15.1 to −13.6] (n = 66) | GLS 4th quartile [−13.6 to −3.9] (n = 60) | p Value |
| Age (years), median Interquartile range (IQR) number of missing cases (nmiss) | 44 (37–50)[253] | 47 (38–53) [64] | 41 (35–48) [63] | 44 (36–50) [66] | 44 (39–49) [60] | 0.191 |
| Women | 96/252 (38%) | 29/63 (46%) | 25/63 (40%) | 23/66 (35%) | 19/60 (32%) | 0.377 |
| Black | 181/253 (72%) | 42/64 (66%) | 46/63 (73%) | 51/66(77%) | 42/60 (70%) | |
| White/non-Hispanic | 55/253 (22%) | 15/64 (23%) | 12/63 (19%) | 12/66(18%) | 16/60 (27%) | |
| Hispanic | 11/253 (4%) | 5/64 (7%) | 2/63 (3%) | 3/66 (5%) | 1/60 (2%) | |
| Asian | 0/253 (0%) | 0/64 (0%) | 0/63 (0%) | 0/66 (0%) | 0/60 (0%) | |
| Other | 6/253 (2%) | 2/64 (3%) | 3/63 (5%) | 0/66 (0%) | 1/60 (2%) | |
| Hypertension | 102/253 (40%) | 29/64 (45%) | 18/63 (29%) | 28/66 (42%) | 27/60 (45%) | 0.176 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 52/253 (21%) | 14/64 (22%) | 15/63 (24%) | 13/66 (20%) | 10/60 (17%) | 0.786 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 47/253 (19%) | 14/64 (22%) | 10/63 (16%) | 9/66 (14%) | 14/60 (23%) | 0.436 |
| Any cocaine use | 80/252 (32%) | 19/63 (30%) | 18/63 (29%) | 20/66 (30%) | 23/60 (38%) | 0.652 |
| Any tobacco use | ||||||
| None | 108/251 (43%) | 26/63 (41%) | 28/63 (44%) | 30/66 (46%) | 24/59 (41%) | 0.588 |
| Current | 105/251 (42%) | 23/63 (37%) | 26/63 (41%) | 30/66 (46%) | 26/59 (44%) | |
| Former | 38/251 (15%) | 14/63 (22%) | 9/63 (14%) | 6/66 (9%) | 9/59 (15%) | |
| Duration of HIV Infection at time of ECHO (yr), median (IQR) (nmiss) | 7 (3–12) [253] | 8(3–13) [64] | 7(4–13) [63] | 7 (2–10) [66] | 6(3–12) [60] | 0.620 |
| Median CD4 count (cells/mm3), (IQR) (nmiss) | 295 (118–469) [80] | 319(155–498) [22] | 356 (223–540) [18] | 246 (20–450) [20] | 244 (59–370) [20] | 0.314 |
| Coronary heart disease | 14/253 (6%) | 6/64 (9%) | 2/63 (3%) | 2/66 (3%) | 4/60 (7%) | 0.367 |
| Hepatitis C diagnosis | 52/253 (21%) | 18/64 (28%) | 10/63 (16%) | 13/66 (20%) | 11/60(18%) | 0.347 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers use | 57/253 (23%) | 17/64 (27%) | 11/63 (18%) | 12/66(18%) | 17/60 (28%) | 0.334 |
| Beta blocker use | 52/253 (21%) | 10/64 (16%) | 8/63 (13%) | 14/66 (21%) | 20/60 (33%) | 0.025 |
| Antiretroviral therapy use | 199/253 (78%) | 49/64 (77%) | 54/63 (86%) | 50/66 (76%) | 46/60 (77%) | 0.474 |
| Abacavir (Ziagen) use | 54/253 (21%) | 7/64(11%) | 14/63 (22%) | 18/66(27%) | 15/60 (25%) | 0.111 |
| Didanosine/Stavudine/Zalcitabine use | 65/253 (26%) | 17/64 (27%) | 15/63 (24%) | 18/66(27%) | 15/60 (25%) | 0.970 |
| Zidovudine (AZT, Retovir) use | 80/253 (32%) | 17/64 (27%) | 29/63 (46%) | 15/66 (23%) | 19/60 (32%) | 0.030 |
| Protease inhibitor use | 134/253 (53%) | 34/64 (53%) | 37/63 (59%) | 29/66 (44%) | 34/60 (57%) | 0.344 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 26.70 (23.00–31.40) [179] | 27.34 (23.10–31.70) [49] | 26.90 (24.07–30.24) [51] | 25.15 (22.50–31.07) [40] | 26.40 (23.10–30.04) [39] | 0.932 |
| Left ventricle end-diastolic volume index (ml/m2), median (IQR) [nobs] | 109 (97–124)[231] | 102 (88–118) [57] | 113 (108–123) [59] | 109 (97–123)[62] | 120(102–129) [53] | 0.005 |
| Left ventricle end-systolic volume index (ml/m2), median (IQR) (nmiss) | 43 (32–54) [231] | 37 (30–48) [57] | 43 (34–54) [59] | 43 (30–49) [62] | 52 (42–68) [53] | <0.001 |
| Left ventricle ejection fraction (%), median (IQR) (nmiss) | 55 (55–55) [253] | 55 (55–55) [64] | 55 (55–55) [63] | 55 (55–55) [66] | 55 (55–55) [60] | 0.201 |
| Global longitudinal strain (%), median (IQR) (nmiss) | −15.1 (−16.7 to−13.6) [253] | −18.3 (−19.2 to−17.3) [64] | −15.6 (−16.3 to−15.2) [63] | −14.4 (−14.6 to −13.9) [66] | −12.1 (−13.3 to−11.2) [60] | <0.001 |