TABLE 4.
Joint/combined associations of the DIS and LIS with plasma hsCRP concentrations in the remaining REGARDS cohort (n = 14,210)1
| LIS quintiles2,3 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||||||
| n 4 | OR (95% CI) | n 4 | OR (95% CI) | n 4 | OR (95% CI) | n 4 | OR (95% CI) | n 4 | OR (95% CI) | P-interaction5 | |
| DIS quintiles2,3 | |||||||||||
| 1 | 110/938 | 1.00 (ref) | 91/461 | 1.58 (1.38, 1.82) | 169/649 | 2.31 (2.04, 2.61) | 143/410 | 2.74 (2.41, 3.11) | 167/385 | 4.30 (3.80, 4.87) | |
| 2 | 124/782 | 1.25 (1.11, 1.42) | 101/464 | 1.98 (1.65, 2.38) | 223/680 | 2.89 (2.43, 3.43) | 160/465 | 3.43 (2.88, 4.09) | 226/451 | 5.38 (4.52, 6.41) | |
| 3 | 102/573 | 1.41 (1.24, 1.59) | 121/469 | 2.23 (1.86, 2.67) | 224/664 | 3.24 (2.74, 3.85) | 208/512 | 3.85 (3.24, 4.58) | 321/624 | 6.05 (5.10, 7.16) | |
| 4 | 102/497 | 1.53 (1.35, 1.73) | 117/423 | 2.42 (2.02, 2.89) | 236/653 | 3.52 (2.97, 4.17) | 231/572 | 4.18 (3.52, 4.97) | 372/697 | 6.56 (5.54, 7.77) | |
| 5 | 88/359 | 1.69 (1.49, 1.92) | 125/409 | 2.68 (2.23, 3.21) | 236/617 | 3.90 (3.28, 4.63) | 263/623 | 4.63 (3.90, 5.50) | 489/833 | 7.26 (6.13, 8.60) | 0.03 |
The outcome was hsCRP concentrations categorized as ≤/> 3 mg/dL; all associations assessed using multivariable logistic regression. DIS, dietary inflammation score; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LIS, lifestyle inflammation score; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; REGARDS, Reasons for Racial and Geographic Differences in Stroke Study.
For construction of scores, see text and Table 1; higher scores indicate more proinflammatory diets or lifestyles; weights for all dietary and lifestyle components in the DIS and LIS are equal to the maximum likelihood for the β-coefficients obtained from multivariable linear regression models [dependent variable: inflammation biomarker score (sum of z scores for hsCRP, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, the latter with a negative sign)] in the REGARDS case-cohort sample.
Covariates in logistic regression model: age, sex, race (black or white), education (less than high school and high school graduate or some college or more), region (Belt, Buckle, Other), comorbidity score (comprises a history of cancer, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, or chronic kidney disease), current hormone replacement therapy use (among women), energy intake (kcal/d), season of baseline interview (spring, summer, fall, or winter), and self-reported regular use of aspirin, other NSAIDs, or lipid-lowering medications (≥ twice/wk).
Number of participants with hsCRP concentrations > 3 mg/dL/total participants in DIS and LIS quintile combination.
From DIS × LIS interaction term in the full logistic regression model, calculated using the Wald test.