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. 2019 Nov 8;16(22):4368. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224368

Table 4.

Experimental Group differences in BPN and motivation variables.

Experimental Group a Time 1 Time 2 Time 3
Perceived competence 3.63 (1.00) 4.39 (0.92) 4.72 (0.98)
Z (p): T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 b 3.72 (p < 0.001); 2.06 (p < 0.05); 3.72 (p < 0.01)
r: T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 c 0.878 0.488 0.878
Autonomy 4.06 (1.12) 4.54 (0.89) 4.93 (0.86)
Z (p): T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 b 2.32 (p < 0.01); 2.18 (p < 0.05); 3.37 (p < 0.01)
r: T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 c 0.547 0.515 0.796
Relatedness 3.48 (1.12) 4.25 (0.73) 4.41 (0.94)
Z (p): T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 b 2.98 (p < 0.01); 0.93 (p > 0.05); 3.68 (p < 0.001)
r: T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 c 0.704 0.221 0.868
Intrinsic motivation 3.85 (1.34) 4.71 (1.02) 5.19 (1.01)
Z (p): T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 b 3.54 (p < 0.01); 2.22 (p < 0.05); 3.24 (p < 0.001)
r: T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 c 0.791 0.524 0.764
Extrinsic motivation 2.84 (1.03) 3.34 (0.99) 3.65 (1.19)
Z (p): T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 b 2.21 (p < 0.05); 1.74 (p > 0.05); 3.19 (p < 0.01)
r: T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 c 0.519 0.406 0.753
Amotivation 2.46 (1.04) 2.51 (0.81) 2.52 (0.96)
Z (p): T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 b 1.42 (p > 0.05); 1.32 (p > 0.05);0.52 (p > 0.05)
r: T1-T2; T2-T3; T1-T3 c 0.033 0.031 0.127

a Wilcoxon test to verify if there were differences between the means of the different variables measured with questionnaires between the three measurement times for the experimental group. b the data for the Wilcoxon Z and significance are provided in the following order: differences between Time 1 and Time 2, differences between Time 2 and Time 3, and differences between Time 1 and Time 3. c The r corresponds to the effect size of the differences, calculated through the Rosenthal r (1991). Abbreviations: Basic Psychological Needs (BPN).