Table 1.

Effects of d-tagatose on serum parameters in mice.

Group	Ach (pg/L)	NO (μmol/L)	VIP (pg/L)	SP (pg/L)
blank	38.17 ± 10.17 #	30.71 ± 3.81	18.19 ± 3.75 ##	31.97 ± 12.81
model	27.82 ± 7.28 *	26.99 ± 4.77	26.19 ± 4.53 **	24.76 ± 6.23
Tag-H	37.98 ± 11.58 #	15.60 ± 2.76 *,##	24.07 ± 2.50	49.11 ± 11.25 ##

Blank group (days 1–14, distilled water administration period and days 15–28, distilled water administration period); model group (days 1–14, induction of constipation period and days 15–28, distilled water administration period); and tagatose group (days 1–14, induction of constipation period and days 15–28, tagatose administration period). Tag-H, mice treated with 1.70 g/kg BW tagatose). *, compared with the blank group, p < 0.05; **, compared with the blank group, p < 0.01; ^#, compared with the model group, p < 0.05; and ^##, compared with the model group, p < 0.01. Acetylcholine (Ach); nitric oxide (NO); substance P (SP); vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).