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. 2019 Nov 6;20(22):5524. doi: 10.3390/ijms20225524

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The two common types of catalysis by glycoside hydrolases as adapted from Davies and Henrissat [29]. (a) The retaining mechanism. The nucleophile and the general acid/base are represented as B^- and AH, respectively. (b) The inverting mechanism. The general base and the general acid are represented as B^- and AH, respectively. The typical distances of the catalytic residues in both mechanisms are indicated in Å. In most GHs, A and B are either Asp or Glu. See main text for further details.