Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies in the meta-analysis.
| Study, Year of Publication | Level of Physical Activity | Vaginal Delivery | Country of the Study | Type of Training | C | PFT n | ♀ (%) | Age (Years) | BMI (cm/kg2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aksac, 2003 [41] | Sedentary | 2.8 ± 0.5 | Turkey | PFT (a) | 10 | 20 | 100 | 52.5 ± 7.9 | N/A |
| 3.5 ± 1.1 | PFTBi (b) | 20 | 51.6 ± 5.8 | N/A | |||||
| Aukee et al. 2002 [42] | Sedentary | 2.2 (0–5) | Finland | Bi (a) | - | 15 | 100 | 35–61 | 21–36 |
| 3.2 (0–7) | PFT (b) | 15 | 31–69 | 21–36 | |||||
| Borello-France et al. 2006 [43] | Sedentary | no | EEUU | SuPFT (a) | - | 22 | 100 | 51.7 ± 8.9 | N/A |
| no | SuVPFT (b) | 22 | 53.6 ± 8.1 | N/A | |||||
| Castro et al. 2008 [44] | Sedentary | 2.8 ± 1.9 | Brazil | PFT (a) | 30 | 31 | 100 | 56.2 ± 12.5 | 25.9 ± 5.0 |
| 3.5 ± 2.6 | ES (b) | 30 | 55.2 ± 12.8 | 21.9 ± 3.9 | |||||
| 3.0 ± 2.1 | VC (c) | 27 | 52.6 ± 11.2 | 24.1 ±4.6 | |||||
| De Oliveira et al. 2009 [45] | Sedentary | 2.7 ± 2.4 | Brazil | GPFT (a) | - | 30 | 100 | 51.6 ± 9.6 | 26.8 ± 4.5 |
| 2.6 ± 2.1 | IPFT (b) | 30 | 50.3 ± 8.7 | 25.5 ± 4.7 | |||||
| Ferguson et al., 1990 [46] | Sedentary | 1.7 ± 1.4 | EEUU | PFTIB (a) | - | 10 | 100 | 37.1 ± 6.4 | N/A |
| 1.9 ± 1.0 | PFT (b) | 10 | 35.8 ± 4.6 | N/A | |||||
| Ferreira et al., 2012 [47] | Sedentary | 2.47 ± 1.2 | Portugal | PFTS (a) | - | 17 | 100 | 50.7 ± 9.3 | 29.2 ± 4.7 |
| 2.24 ± 1.0 | PFT (b) | 17 | 53.9 ± 8.7 | 27.2 ± 4.1 | |||||
| Hirakawa et al., 2013 [48] | Sedentary | 2.1 ± 0.6 | Japan | PFT (a) | - | 23 | 100 | 58.3 ± 11.2 | 22.5 ± 2.3 |
| 2.2 ± 0.7 | PFTBi (b) | 23 | 55.3 ± 9.8 | 23.9 ± 4.2 | |||||
| Pereira et al., 2011 [49] | Sedentary | 1.46 ± 1.5 | Brazil | GPFT (a) | 15 | 17 | 100 | 60.2 ± 8.2 | 26.03 ± 3.6 |
| 1.26 ± 1.3 | PFT (b) | 17 | 60.6 ± 12.6 | 26.26 ± 2.79 | |||||
| Konstantinidou, 2007 [50] | Sedentary | no | Greece | PFT (a) | - | 10 | 100 | 47.8 ± 7.5 | N/A |
| no | PFTS (b) | 12 |
Data are the mean, mean ± SD or n. a All characteristics refer to the CT group. C, control group; PFT, pelvic floor training group. Ba, Balloon; Bi, Biofeedback; F, Floor; G, Group; I, Individual; P, Pelvic; S, Supervised; T, Training; VC, Vaginal Cone; Su, Supine; V, Vertical; N/A, Not appear; ES, Electrical Stimulation.