Table 4.
Operationalization of the nine quality principles using 25 detailed questions, via Q3a, according to Albrecht [20].
| Question ID | Question | Contribution |
| Q301 | Has the purpose of the app been specified? | Practicality |
| Q302 | Is there a description of functions the app offers in order to fulfill its purpose? | Practicality |
| Q303 | Is there a description of the app given that states which methods it employs to fulfill its purpose (eg, procedures, processes, and algorithms with which the offered functions are implemented), and are there statements regarding their suitability for this purpose? | Practicality |
| Q304 | Is appropriate evidence cited to support the statements on fulfillment of the purpose of the app (eg, references to studies, guidelines, testing, and quality labels)? | Practicality |
| Q305 | Are the suitability and unsuitability for certain app scenarios or user groups specified (eg, in terms of inclusion and exclusion criteria)? | Practicality |
| Q306 | Have potential or actual risks the app poses to users or their environment been stated, with respect to health, economic, or social aspects? | Risk adequacy |
| Q307 | Have precautions been taken to avoid health, economic, and/or social risks when using the described app? | Risk adequacy |
| Q308 | Is there a description about the extent to which the app follows ethical principles, such as patient autonomy, equity of access, and/or professional ethics and research ethics? | Ethical soundness |
| Q309 | Are conflicts of interest (eg, authors with affiliations to specific companies) discussed in the app description? | Ethical soundness |
| Q310 | Is there a mention of whether the app is being provided in a research context; if so, is there a statement about whether it follows good scientific practice? | Ethical soundness |
| Q311 | Is there a statement about whether the relevant general legal requirements, such as data protection law, telemedia law, and commercial law, have been taken into account by the manufacturer and provider of the app? | Legal conformity |
| Q312 | Is there a statement about which requirements and regulations have been taken into account with regard to using the app in a health context, such as medical device law or medical professional law? | Legal conformity |
| Q313 | Is there a statement about how the quality of the content has been ensured (eg, involvement of experts in the field) or which validated sources have been used (eg, consideration of current scientific findings and guidelines)? | Content validity |
| Q314 | Is there a description of how the app is regularly adapted to new content requirements? | Content validity |
| Q315 | Is it described to what extent the app corresponds to the current state of the art? | Technical adequacy |
| Q316 | Is there information about how the app is regularly adapted to technical requirements? | Technical adequacy |
| Q317 | Is there information about to what extent it is possible to switch to another operating system or device without data loss? | Technical adequacy |
| Q318 | Is there a mention of whether the app is scalable (ie, adaptable to increasing requirements) or can be integrated into other products? | Technical adequacy |
| Q319 | Has information been provided about proof for the app's usability (eg, usability tests)? | Usability |
| Q320 | Is it described to what extent the function of the app has been specifically adapted to the target group, whether it is barrier-free, or whether it can be used with individual adaptations? | Usability |
| Q321 | Is there information about the extent to which user feedback was considered for the app (eg, during the development process)? | Usability |
| Q322 | Is there a statement about how the app ensures efficient use of the available technical resources (eg, required memory, computing power, internal or external sensors, and power consumption)? | Resource efficiency |
| Q323 | Is the information about the app sufficient (ie, adequately specified in scope and depth of information)? | Transparency |
| Q324 | Is valid (ie, complete and reliable) information about the app provided? | Transparency |
| Q325 | Is the information about the app described in a manner that is adequate for the target group? | Transparency |
aQ3: questionnaire 3.