TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of 6211 PREVEND participants1
| Alcohol consumption category (by self-report) | EtG concentration | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No, almost never | 1–4 units/mo | 2–7 units/wk | 1–3 units/d | ≥4 units/d | <100 ng/mL | ≥100 ng/mL | |
| Total participants, n (%) | 1539 (24.8) | 1054 (17.0) | 1969 (31.7) | 1381 (22.2) | 268 (4.3) | 2997 (48.3) | 3214 (51.7) |
| Men, n (%) | 599 (38.9) | 487 (46.2) | 1111 (56.4) | 871 (63.1) | 215 (52.9) | 1389 (46.3) | 1894 (58.9) |
| Women, n (%) | 940 (61.1) | 567 (53.8) | 858 (43.6) | 510 (36.9) | 53 (47.1) | 1608 (53.7) | 1320 (41.1) |
| Age, y | 55.7 ± 12.6 | 53.9 ± 13.0 | 51.5 ± 11.6 | 54.1 ± 11.0 | 54.6 ± 9.9 | 54.3 ± 12.7 | 53.1 ± 11.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 [6.0] | 26.3 [5.5] | 25.9 [5.1] | 25.7 [4.8] | 26.3 [5.5] | 26.7 [5.6] | 25.7 [5.1] |
| eGFR, mL/(min · 1.73 m2) | 88.6 ± 18.3 | 91.1 ± 16.7 | 94.5 ± 15.7 | 93.7 ± 15.4 | 93.9 ± 15.0 | 90.5 ± 17.3 | 94.0 ± 15.7 |
| Smoking, n (%) | |||||||
| No smoking | 551 (35.8) | 379 (36.0) | 579 (29.4) | 250 (18.1) | 29 (10.8) | 1027 (34.3) | 761 (23.7) |
| 1–10 cigarettes/d | 441 (28.7) | 366 (34.7) | 631 (32.0) | 421 (30.5) | 45 (16.8) | 903 (30.1) | 1001 (31.1) |
| 11–20 cigarettes/d | 396 (25.7) | 246 (23.3) | 573 (29.1) | 502 (36.4) | 109 (40.7) | 790 (26.4) | 1036 (32.2) |
| >20 cigarettes/d | 151 (9.8) | 63 (6.0) | 186 (9.4) | 208 (15.1) | 85 (31.7) | 277 (9.2) | 416 (12.9) |
| Educational level, n (%) | |||||||
| Low | 942 (61.2) | 479 (45.4) | 684 (34.7) | 478 (34.6) | 112 (41.8) | 1554 (51.9) | 1141 (35.5) |
| Middle | 379 (24.6) | 288 (27.3) | 534 (27.1) | 332 (24.0) | 65 (24.3) | 760 (25.4) | 838 (26.1) |
| High | 218 (14.2) | 287 (27.2) | 751 (38.1) | 571 (41.3) | 91 (34.0) | 683 (22.8) | 1235 (38.4) |
| Plasma analytes | |||||||
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 46.3 ± 10.9 | 47.3 ± 10.7 | 48.3 ± 11.5 | 50.2 ± 12.3 | 50.7 ± 13.2 | 46.6 ± 10.8 | 49.7 ± 12.1 |
| MCV, fL | 89.4 ± 4.7 | 89.6 ± 4.5 | 90.5 ± 4.2 | 91.7 ± 4.4 | 94.0 ± 4.7 | 89.7 ± 4.6 | 91.3 ± 4.5 |
| AST, U/L | 22.0 [7.0] | 22.0 [6.0] | 23.0 [7.0] | 23.0 [7.0] | 25.0 [8.0] | 22.0 [7.0] | 23.0 [7.0] |
| ALT, U/L | 17.0 [11.0] | 17.0 [10.0] | 17.0 [11.0] | 18.0 [11.0] | 20.0 [14.5] | 17.0 [11.0] | 17.0 [12.0] |
| GGT, U/L | 24.0 [18.0] | 22.0 [18.0] | 24.0 [21.0] | 27.0 [25.0] | 37.5 [46.8] | 24.0 [19.0] | 25.0 [24.0] |
1
Values are n (%), means ± SDs, or medians [IQRs]. Educational level: low, primary education or intermediate vocational education; middle, higher secondary education; and high, higher vocational education and university. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EtG, ethyl glucuronide; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; PREVEND, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-Stage Disease.