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. 2019 Sep 5;21(12):1817–1823. doi: 10.1093/europace/euz226

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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LGE-CMR images and scar maps. Left panel: LGE-CMR imaging. Red arrows indicate sites of high signal intensity surrounding the pulmonary veins and in the left atrial body in a point-by-point (A) and control patient (B). Middle panel: corresponding three-dimensional left atrial scar maps, thresholded at 3.3 SD above the mean blood pool SI demonstrate a lesser degree of scar (red areas), with a narrower encirclement width in point-by-point (C) vs. control patients (D). Colour scale represents raw signal intensity. Total scar burden (E) and scar width (F) were significantly lower in point-by-point vs. control groups CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; LGE, late gadolinium enhancement; LLPV, left lower pulmonary vein; RMPV, right middle pulmonary vein; RUPV, right upper pulmonary vein; SI, signal intensity.