Cardiomyocyte-specific gene expression |
Transcriptome analysis |
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Methylation patterns |
Structural features |
Sarcomere number, density, and organization |
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Length, shape, and % binucleated |
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Mitochondrial volume and morphology |
Electrophysiological phenotypes |
Action potential profile |
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Ion current densities and gating properties |
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Cardiomyocyte subtype determination |
Calcium handling and contractility |
Ability to contract; spontaneous vs. stimulation |
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Calcium transients, sparks, and waves |
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Contractile force |
Metabolic profile |
Lipid oxidation vs. glycolysis |
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Oxygen consumption and maximum respiration |
Response to sympathetic stimulation |
Positive inotropic, chronotropic, and lusitropic effects |
Electrical coupling |
Gap junction localization, density, and composition Conduction velocity |