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Isovaleric acid concentrations of dams and offspring. (a) Isovaleric acid of dams on PND 21. (b) Isovaleric acid of male offspring on PND 21 and PND 35. (c) Isovaleric acid of female offspring on PND 21 and PND 35. The data was expressed as mean ± SD of each group. Compared with the NC group, * indicates p < 0.05. Compared with the PM2.5 group, # indicates p < 0.05, ## indicates p < 0.01.
