Table 4.
Mean Changes of Physical Fitness Measures between Baseline and Posttest and Planned Contrasts †.
| Outcome | Estimated Mean (95% CI) | Contrasts Coefficient (95% CI); Effect Size *; p Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Control | SPE | ASP | SPE+ASP | SPE & ASP & SPE+ASP vs. Control | SPE & SPE+ASP vs. ASP | SPE+ASP vs. ASP |
| 20-m shuttle run (laps) | 3.52 a, b, c (1.18, 5.85) |
17.85 a (15.68, 20.02) |
12.38 b (10.2, 14.56) |
25.78 c (23.7, 27.86) |
15.2 (12.3, 18.2); 0.29; <0.001 |
9.4 (6.5, 12.4); 0.18; <0.001 | 13.6 (10.2, 17.0); 0.22; <0.001 |
| Broad jump (cm) | 5.33 a, b, c (1.94, 8.71) |
21.12 a (18.1, 24.14) |
17.19 b (14.13, 20.24) |
31.09 c (27.6, 34.58) |
17.0 (12.8, 21.3); 0.22; <0.001 |
9.7 (5.3, 14.2); 0.12; <0.001 | 15.0 (9.9, 20.0); 0.17; <0.001 |
| 50-m run (seconds) | −0.13 a, b (−0.27, 0.00) |
−0.55 a (−0.66, −0.43) |
−0.12 (−0.26, 0.01) |
−1.07 b (−1.21, −0.93) |
−0.4 (−0.6, −0.3); 0.14; <0.001 |
−0.7 (−0.9, −0.5); 0.23; <0.001 | −1.0 (−1.2, −0.8); 0.29; <0.001 |
| Sit-and-reach (cm) | 0.11 a, b (−0.57, 0.78) |
3.97 a (3.28, 4.66) |
1.09 (0.36, 1.82) |
6.96 b (6.16, 7.75) |
3.5 (2.5, 4.5); 0.20; <0.001 |
4.1 (3.1, 5.1); 0.23; <0.001 | 5.7 (4.6, 6.8); 0.28; <0.001 |
| T test for agility (seconds) | −0.37 a, b, c (−0.6, −0.14) |
−1.22 a (−1.43, −1.01) |
−0.66 b (−0.84, −0.48) |
−2.16 c (−2.37, −1.96) |
−1.0 (−1.2, −0.7); 0.20; <0.001 |
−1.0 (−1.3, −0.7); 0.21; <0.001 | −1.5 (−1.8, −1.2); 0.28; <0.001 |
| 1-min sit-ups (counts) | 2.25 a, b, c (0.95, 3.55) |
8.16 a (6.83, 9.48) |
1.09 b (−0.19, 2.37) |
13.12 c (11.85, 14.38) |
5.1 (3.3, 6.9); 0.16; <0.001 |
9.5 (7.8, 11.3); 0.30; <0.001 | 12.0 (10.0, 14.0); 0.34; <0.001 |
| Plank support (seconds) | −6.18 a, b (−13.01, 0.66) |
29.96 a (21.26, 38.65) |
−0.08 (−7.34, 7.18) |
49.01 b (42.71, 55.31) |
31.8 (22.4, 41.2); 0.19; <0.001 |
37.2 (27.8, 46.7); 0.22; <0.001 | 48.6 (37.8, 59.5); 0.25; <0.001 |
| Body fat (percent) | 1.3 a, b, c (0.7, 2.0) |
0.8 a (0.3, 1.3) |
0.4 b (−0.3, 1.2) |
−1.9 c (−2.7, −1.1) |
−1.6 (−2.4, −0.8); 0.12; <0.001 |
−1.1 (−2.0, −0.1); 0.07; =0.03 | −2.4 (−3.5, −1.4); 0.14; <0.001 |
† Models adjusted for child’s age, sex, pubertal stage, father’s education level, mother’s education level, family income per month. Control, control condition; SPE, school physical education intervention; ASP, after-school program intervention; SPE+ASP, SPE and ASP combined intervention. * Effect size measured as Cohen’s D. a, b, c Same letter denotes significant difference between the two treatment conditions in unadjusted post hoc test (p < 0.05 with Bonferroni correction).