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. 2019 Dec 2;2019(12):CD003531. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD003531.pub4

Patruno 2007.

Methods Randomised, parallel group trial
Participants N = 31 participants (25 M/ 6 F). Mean age: 48 years; BMI: 36.5kg/m2; AHI: 47; ESS: 15
Inclusion criteria: AHI > 20; ESS > 12
Exclusion criteria: not specified
Interventions Auto‐CPAP versus fixed CPAP
Study duration: 12 weeks
Outcomes

  1. Machine usage (average hours used)

  2. AHI

  3. Symptoms (ESS)

  4. Blood pressure
Funding & conflicts of interest statements Quote: "This work was supported by a University of Milan Fondo Interuniversitario per la Ricerca Scienfifica e Technologia Grant and a Minister for Instruction, University and Research Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale 2003 grant to Dr. Montano. The authors have no financial or other potential conflicts of interest to disclose."
Notes  
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Quote: "After CPAP titration, all subjects were randomised to receive either fixed‐level CPAP for 3 months."
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk Information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 Machine usage, symptoms, quality of life, withdrawal, adverse effects Unclear risk Information not available
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 AHI, blood pressure, treatment pressure Low risk These outcomes unlikely to be affected by awareness of treatment group.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 Machine usage, symptoms, quality of life, withdrawal, adverse effects Unclear risk Information not available
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 AHI, blood pressure, treatment pressure Low risk These outcomes unlikely to be affected by awareness of treatment group.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes High risk 40 participants recruited; 9 withdrew (no information on which groups they were assigned to); 3 of these participants withdrew due to poor compliance
Selective reporting (reporting bias) High risk Data on ESS not presented: requested from authors along with details of randomisation and withdrawals
Other bias Low risk No concerns identified