Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the posttransplant CKD cohort consisting of 680 renal transplant recipients
| Parameter | Tertiles of EPO (IU/L) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n = 680) | T1 (n = 226) [1.0–5.0] | T2 (n = 226) [5.1–9.4] | T3 (n = 228) [9.5–539] | P-value | |
| Age (years) | 53 ± 13 | 50 ± 13 | 54 ± 13 | 56 ± 12 | <0.001 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 383 (56) | 132 (58) | 131 (58) | 120 (53) | 0.37 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.6 ± 4.8 | 25.8 ± 4.2 | 27.1 ± 5.1 | 27.1 ± 4.9 | 0.006 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 0.12 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 551 (81) | 182 (81) | 179 (79) | 190 (83) | 0.50 |
| Smoking status | 0.14 | ||||
| Never smoker, n (%) | 306 (45) | 110 (49) | 104 (46) | 92 (40) | |
| Former smoker, n (%) | 293 (43) | 85 (38) | 93 (41) | 112 (49) | |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 81 (12) | 31 (14) | 27 (12) | 23 (10) | |
| Time since transplantation (years) | 5.4 (1.9–12.1) | 5.1 (1.8–12.1) | 5.6 (1.8–11.0) | 5.8 (2.2–13.7) | 0.46 |
| Diabetes mellitusa, n (%) | 161 (24) | 37 (16) | 58 (26) | 66 (29) | 0.005 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136 ± 17 | 135 ± 17 | 135 ± 18 | 137 ± 17 | 0.51 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 82 ± 11 | 83 ± 12 | 82 ± 11 | 83 ± 10 | 0.63 |
| Laboratory measurements | |||||
| iFGF23 (pg/mL) | 61 (43–100) | 61 (46–103) | 59 (42–92) | 63 (47–106) | 0.18 |
| cFGF23 (RU/mL) | 140 (95–234) | 131 (91–184) | 137 (94–204) | 172 (107–323) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.2 ± 1.7 | 13.3 ± 1.6 | 13.4 ± 1.7 | 13.0 ± 1.9 | 0.03 |
| MCV (fL) | 91 ± 6 | 91 ± 5 | 91 ± 6 | 90 ± 7 | 0.94 |
| Ferritin (µg/L) | 118 (54–222) | 141 (80–238) | 115 (52–242) | 92 (42–184) | <0.001 |
| TSAT (%) | 25.4 ± 10.6 | 28.1 ± 10.2 | 25.2 ± 9.8 | 22.8 ± 11.1 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.1 ± 1.1 | 5.2 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.0 | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 0.76 |
| Phosphate (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 0.98 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.40 ± 0.15 | 2.42 ± 0.15 | 2.39 ± 0.16 | 2.40 ± 0.14 | 0.24 |
| PTH (pmol/L) | 8.9 (5.9–14.8) | 8.5 (5.5–13.8) | 9.1 (6.2–14.5) | 9.2 (6.3–16.8) | 0.16 |
| eGFRb (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52 ± 19 | 50 ± 19 | 52 ± 19 | 52 ± 19 | 0.33 |
| Creatinine (µmol/L) | 138 ± 59 | 146 ± 69 | 135 ± 55 | 133 ± 51 | 0.03 |
| Proteinuriac, n (%) | 154 (23) | 51 (23) | 41 (18) | 62 (27) | 0.07 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.6 (0.7–4.6) | 1.4 (0.6–3.1) | 1.7 (0.8–4.9) | 1.8 (0.8–5.3) | 0.01 |
| Treatment | |||||
| ACE- inhibitors, n (%) | 220 (34) | 89 (39) | 72 (32) | 59 (26) | 0.009 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 428 (63) | 138 (61) | 138 (61) | 152 (67) | 0.38 |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 165 (24) | 47 (21) | 67 (30) | 51 (22) | 0.06 |
| Diuretic use, n (%) | 275 (40) | 76 (34) | 88 (39) | 111 (49) | 0.004 |
| ESA use, n (%) | 15 (2) | 7 (3) | 1 (0) | 7 (3) | 0.09 |
| Iron supplements, n (%) | 41 (6) | 14 (6) | 11 (5) | 16 (7) | 0.63 |
Values are means ± SD, medians (interquartile range) or proportions (%).
a
Diabetes was defined as the use of antidiabetic medication or a fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L.
b
eGFR was determined using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.
c
Proteinuria was defined as urinary protein excretion ≥0.5 g/24 h.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; cFGF23, C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; RTRs, renal transplant recipients.