Figure 3.

Comparison of mirror biting and predator avoidance behavior endpoints between the untreated control and C₇₀-exposed fish after 14-day exposure. (A) Average speed, (B) mirror biting time percentage, (C) longest duration in the mirror side, (D) freezing time movement ratio, (E) swimming time movement ratio, and (F) rapid movement time ratio were analyzed for the mirror biting assay (n = 30 for the untreated control; n = 12 for the 0.5 ppm C₇₀ NP-exposed fish; n = 23 for the 1.5 ppm C₇₀ NP-exposed fish). For predator avoidance test, the (G) average speed, (H) predator approaching time ratio, (I) average distance to separator, (J) freezing time movement ratio, (K) swimming time movement ratio, and (L) rapid movement time ratio were analyzed (n = 30 for the untreated control; n = 23 for the 0.5 ppm C₇₀ NP-exposed fish; n = 19 for the 1.5 ppm C₇₀ NP-exposed fish). The data are expressed as the median with interquartile range and were analyzed by the Kruskal–Wallis test continued with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test as a follow-up test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).