BMD	Bone mineral density
BMP	Bone morphogenic proteins
CPC	Calcium phosphate cements
DBM	Demineralized bone matrix
Dlx5	Distal-less homebox 5
ESTROT	European Society of Tissue Regeneration in Orthopedics and Traumatology
ESWT	Extracorporal shock wave therapy
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
FGFR	FGF receptors
Fz	Frizzled receptor
GF/PL	Gas forming and particulate leaching
HA	Hydroxyapatite
IGF	Insulin like growth factor
IL	Interleukin
LIPUS	Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound
LRP5/6	LDL receptor-related protein
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MDSC	Muscle-derived stomal cell
MSC	Mesenchymal stem cells
NBP	NEMO binding domain peptide
NCPs	Non-collagenous proteins
PDC	Periosteum-derived progenitor cells
PDGF	Platelet derived growth factor
PDGFRβ	PDGF receptor β
PLGA	Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
PLLA	Poly(l-lactic acid)
PTH	Parathyroid hormone
PTHrP	Parathyroid hormone related protein
rhBMP-2	Recombinant human BMP-2
rhFGF-2	Recombinant human FGF-2
rhPDGF-BB	Recombinant human PDGF-BB homodimer
RIA	Reamer-Irrigator-Aspirator System
Runx2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
SC/PL	Solvent casting and particulate leaching
TCP	Tricalcium phosphate
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α