Effect of the loss of DNAJB6 on propagation of JEV. (A–C) Knocking out host factor DNAJB6 results in increased JEV propagation. ΔDNAJB6 and parental cells were infected with JEV at MOI of 1.0. At 24 and 48 hpi, JEV infection measured by (A) plaque assay for viral titers, (B) immunofluorescence for viral NS3 protein (red) expression, scale bar = 100 µm, and (C) qRT-PCR for viral mRNA levels. Quantitation of the NS3 signal integrated density normalized to the control is provided. (D–F) Expression of human DNAJB6 in ΔDNAJB6 cells resulted in partially restored anti-JEV activity. ΔDNAJB6 and parental cells were transfected with the DNAJB6 expressing plasmid or empty vector, followed by infection with JEV at MOI of 1.0. At 24 and 48 hpi JEV infection measured by (D) qRT-PCR for viral mRNA levels, (E) plaque assay for viral titers, and (F) Western blot for NS3 expression, GAPDH was used as an internal control. (Mean ± SD, n = 3, Student’s t test; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns, not significant).