Figure 10.

The hypothetical model to understand the role of carotenoids in the inhibition of Aβ₄₂ formation. β- and γ-secretases are the two enzymes that cleavage the amyloid precursor protein (APP) to form Aβ peptide. The aggregation of this peptide pass to dimer follows to oligomer until Aβ fibril. Carotenoids may potentially inhibit the APP pathway where carotenoids have been demonstrated to inhibit Aβ dimer, also oligomer, and also the disaggregation of Aβ fibril. Color code: Aβ (yellow), carotenoid (red), β-secretase (brown) and γ-secretase (green).