| FSEM | Field-emission scanning electron microscope |
| HVN | Hardness Vickers number |
| NDI | Narrow dental implants |
| Ra | Average surface roughness (µm) |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
| cp-Ti | Commercially pure titanium |
| σ0.2 | Yield stress (MPa) |
| σmax | Maximum strength (MPa) |
| ε | Strain to fracture (%) |
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