Table 5.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) from logistic regression models for always or often using sleep aids because of noise, adjusted for age, BMI, sex, hearing problems, noise sensitivity and income.
| Covariate | Level | Outcome Measure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earplugs | Alcohol | Medication | TV | Music | Close Windows | Sound Machine | Fan | ||
| L night | Continuous | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) * | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) * | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) * | 1.05 (1.01–1.09) ** | 0.99 (0.91–1.07) | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) |
| BMI | Continuous | 1.08 (1.01–1.15) * | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) | 1.02 (0.96–1.07) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) |
| Sex | Female (ref.) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Male | 0.90 (0.30–2.75) | 1.12 (0.30–4.12) | 0.85 (0.38–1.87) | 0.82 (0.38–1.80) | 0.84 (0.37–1.91) | 1.16 (0.67–1.99) | 0.97 (0.30–3.19) | 0.77 (0.42–1.43) | |
| Age | Continuous | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.94 (0.92–0.97) **** | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 1.00 (0.97–1.0) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) ** |
| Hearing problems | No hearing problems (ref.) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hearing problems | 3.00 (0.92–9.76) | 0.55 (0.06–4.83) | 2.91 (1.22–6.98) * | 5.14 (2.13–12.41) *** | 5.18 (2.02–13.27) *** | 1.05 (0.50–2.22) | 1.14 (0.23–5.67) | 2.07 (0.95–4.5) | |
| Noise sensitivity | Not noise-sensitive (ref.) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Noise-sensitive | 2.42 (0.84–6.97) | 2.29 (0.67–7.84) | 2.29 (1.09–4.81) * | 2.37 (1.13–4.97) * | 1.08 (0.46–2.52) | 1.71 (0.99–2.96) | 0.96 (0.28–3.26) | 2.04 (1.12–3.71) * | |
| Income | <$50 k (ref.) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| $50–100 k | 2.46 (0.73–8.30) | 1.23 (0.25–5.98) | 0.89 (0.34–2.30) | 1.42 (0.57–3.52) | 1.35 (0.55–3.29) | 0.98 (0.53–1.83) | 1.59 (0.38–6.71) | 0.80 (0.39–1.63) | |
| >$100 k | 1.77 (0.30–10.6) | 1.12 (0.10–12.12) | 1.74 (0.57–5.34) | 0.91 (0.22–3.64) | 0.45 (0.09–2.28) | 0.62 (0.26–1.47) | 2.25 (0.43–11.65) | 1.00 (0.39–2.54) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 0.91 (0.16–5.15) | 1.80 (0.40–8.16) | 1.22 (0.44–3.39) | 2.51 (0.97–6.49) | 0.99 (0.34–2.93) | 0.50 (0.24–1.05) | 1.13 (0.19–6.61) | 0.91 (0.40–2.03) | |
ref. denotes reference category; p-values for odds ratios that are statistically significant are denoted with asterisks (* <0.05; ** <0.01; *** <0.001; **** <0.0001).