ALP	alkaline phosphatase
APC	adenomatous polyposis coli
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
LD	linear dichroism
BP domains	β-propeller domains
CaMKII	calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CBP	CREB-binding protein
CRD	cysteine-rich domain
CT-1	cardiotropin-1
Ctsk	cathepsin K
Daam	dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis
DKK	dickkopf
DMARDs	disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
DMP 1	dentin matrix protein 1
ECR	evolutionarily conserved region
FZD	frizzled
GSK-3 β	glycogen synthase kinase-3 β
GWAS	genome-wide association study
HDAC	histone deacetylase
IL	interleukin
JNK	Jun N-terminal kinase
KO	knockout
LEF 1	lymphocyte enhancer factor 1
LGR	leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor
LIF	leukemia inhibitory factor
LRP	low-density lipoprotein-related receptor
M-CSF	macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Mef	myocyte enhancer factor
mAb	monoclonal antibody
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinase
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC1	mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
NFATc1	nuclear factor of activated T cell c1
OA	osteoarthritis
OCN	osteocalcin
OSM	oncostatin M
OMIM®	Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man®
OPG	osteoprotegerin
OPPG	osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome
OSX	osterix
PCP	planar cell polarity
PKA	protein kinase A
PKC	protein kinase C
PKN3	protein kinase N3
Porc	porcupine
Postn	periostin
PTH	parathyroid hormone
PTHrP	parathyroid hormone -related protein
RA	rheumatoid arthritis
RANK	receptor activator NF-kB
RANKL	receptor activator NF-kB ligand
RNF43	ring finger 43
Ror1/2	receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1/2
RSPO	roof-plate specific spondin
Runx	runt-related transcription factor
S1P	sphingosine-1-phosphate
SERM	selective estrogen receptor modulators
sFRP	secreted frizzled-related protein
SIK	salt-inducible kinase
TCF	T-cell factor
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-beta
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
Wls	wntless
Wnt	wingless-related MMTV integration site
ZNRF3	zinc and ring finger 3