Figure 2.

Schematic representation of the Bain strain, the related rotation and the total deformation. The application of ${\mathbf{B}}_{\mathit{v}}(={\mathbf{B}}_3)$ (grey to blue) applies a compression along the Z axis and expansion in the $X-Y$ plane. The subsequent rotation ${\mathbf{R}}_i$ (blue to red) is necessary to restore the habit plane as unrotated and the in-plane direction unchanged.