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. 2019 Nov 14;20(22):5709. doi: 10.3390/ijms20225709

Table 3.

Effects of GABA treatment on the GABA content (mg/g DW), sugars (µg/g FW), protein (mg/g FW), starch (%); proline (µg/g FW); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, nmol g−1 FW), superoxide radical (O2, nmol min−1g−1 FW), hydroxyl ion (OH, nmol g−1 FW); malonaldehyde (MDA, nmol mg−1 protein) and glutathione reductase (GR, µmol min−1 mg−1 protein) of rice seedlings exposed to salinity, osmotic stress and their combined stress.

Treatments GABA Con. Sugars Protein Starch Proline H2O2 O2 OH MDA GR
Ck 3.53 ± 0.10g 12.50 ± 0.17a 240.0 ± 8.6b 66.37 ± 0.89b 30.35 ± 2.07c 1.64 ± 0.06de 2.59 ± 0.15c 0.103 ± 0.05d 81.75 ± 4.8e 6.72 ± 0.54f
Osmotic (OS) 5.71 ± 0.10d 6.30 ± 0.25d 108.35 ± 6.2e 33.25 ± 2.65de 48.55 ± 1.89b 3.52 ± 0.06b 2.68 ± 0.18c 0.153 ± 0.01b 105.60 ± 1.5cd 10.53 ± 0.07e
Salinity (S) 4.76 ± 0.24e 4.96 ± 0.20e 102.81 ± 6.3e 27.13 ± 1.47e 73.19 ± 2.51a 4.34 ± 0.18a 3.95 ± 0.50a 0.210 ± 0.04a 159.90 ± 3.5a 14.44 ± 0.42d
OS+S 4.52 ± 0.24e 4.17 ± 0.30f 85.17 ± 5.84f 28.84 ± 0.41e 76.44 ± 1.7a 4.15 ± 0.53a 3.49 ± 0.05b 0.156 ± 0.05b 125.46 ± 2.0b 17.31 ± 0.42c
Priming (P) 4.07 ± 0.06f 12.24 ± 0.30a 361.01 ± 12.9a 81.07 ± 7.62a 30.40 ± 1.15c 1.47 ± 0.21e 2.69 ± 0.34c 0.099 ± 0.05d 83.24 ± 2.65e 6.10 ± 0.18f
OS+P 10.45 ± 0.05a 9.90 ± 0.52b 160.0 ± 5.60d 63.90 ± 3.72b 34.56 ± 1.04c 1.98 ± 0.01d 2.67 ± 0.27c 0.126 ± 0.05b-d 83.38 ± 10.4e 18.61 ± 0.82bc
S+P 8.42 ± 0.39b 9.00 ± 0.46c 215.37 ± 5.0c 48.82 ± 3.26c 41.68 ± 1.70bc 2.69 ± 0.24c 2.73 ± 0.07c 0.136 ± 0.05bc 112.02 ± 2.7c 20.00 ± 0.21b
OS+S+P 6.60 ± 0.16c 10.19 ± 0.54b 168.86 ± 16.3d 39.47 ± 4.91d 49.18 ± 6.30b 2.95 ± 0.07c 2.55 ± 0.09c 0.116 ± 0.01cd 102.67 ± 3.8d 27.68 ± 2.00a

Values are means ± SD (n = 3) and the same letters within a column indicate no significant difference at a 95% probability level (p < 0.05).