Table 2.

Multinomial regression analysis: Frailty and near vision impairment

			Pre-fraila			Frailb
	Interval	n		95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Model 1. PNVI status		2656	OR
PNVI (>20/40)	No PNVI (≤20/40)		1.6	1.1, 2.3	0.02	2.5	1.4, 4.3	0.001
Model 2. SNVI status		2657	OR
SNVI	No self-reported SNVI		2.9	1.8, 4.7	0.009	4.3	2.2, 8.3	0.001
Model 3. NVI status		2679c	OR
PNVI (>20/40) only	No PNVI or SNVI		1.2	0.8, 1.9	0.34	2.4	1.2, 4.9	0.02
SNVI only	No PNVI or SNVI		2.3	1.2, 4.5	0.02	4.1	1.3, 12.6	0.01
PNVI + SNVI	No PNVI or SNVI		4.0	2.2, 7.2	<0.001	4.5	1.7, 12.7	0.004
Model 4. Near Visual Acuity		2656	β
Near visual acuity	One line worse		1.3	1.1, 1.4	0.001	1.4	1.1, 1.8	0.004

Note: All models adjusted for age, sex, race, education, smoking status, diabetic status, and number of comorbidities.

Bold font: p<0.05

^aPre-frail= ≤2 criteria

^bFrail= ≥3 criteria

^cModel 3 includes 10 individuals that had PNVI but were missing data on self-reported vision, and another 12 individuals that had SNVI but were missing data on presenting vison

Abbreviations: OR= odds ratio, CI= confidence interval, PNVI= presenting near visual impairment, SNVI= self-reported near visual impairment, NVI= near visual impairment